留学生assignment作业代写-当今国际企业面临的挑战。本文是一篇留学生assignment作业代写范例，主要内容是讲述宏观环境的解释和凸显了其中的变化和因素。影响商业的宏观环境因素包括法律、政治、文化和经济等，这些因素之间有着牢固的联系，可以直接或间接地相互影响。尽管同样重要，但在这种情况下，发挥最大作用的最相关因素将是政治因素，尤其是适用于发展中市场和新兴市场。世界上不同的国家有不同的政权和政治环境。具有不同政治制度和法律法规的国家发挥着不同的作用。政治直接影响国家的经济和法制。政策和法规是由政府制定的，每一项政策和法规都有利弊，无论出于何种原因，政府都很难在其立场上发挥公正的作用——国家优先于经济和文化。以下就是这篇assignment作业代写的全部内容，供参考。
The challenges that international business faced today, the macro-environment explained and highlight the changes and factors. The macro-environment factors that affect on business which are legal, political, cultural and economic, these elements have a strong bond between each other that can be directly or indirectly affect each others. Even though is equally important but for this case the most relevant element that play the biggest role will be political especially applying to developing and emerging market. Different countries in the world have a mixture of different regimes and political environment. Countries with different political systems and legal regulation play a different role. Political directly affect on the economy and legal of the nation. Policies and regulations were set by the government and every policy and regulations there are pros and cons which is very difficult for the government to play an unbiased role in their position for whatever reason the nation come first before economic and cultural.
Political factors briefly explain mostly related of government interfering the nation economic for example such as trade law, tariffs, tax and so forth. Political force is considered as the external environment factor (Babatunde & Adebisi 2012). Political environment plays a very vital role in the companies domestically or internationally, does not matter the organization is large or small political factors applies to the operating activities (Caterora & Graham 1999). China is also considered as a public action nation whereas bride is illegal but they have been doing this for ages. Organisations that wish to expand their business overseas have study in depth of other countries political systems of the country.
政治因素主要解释了政府干预国家经济的相关因素，如贸易法、关税、税收等。政治力量被认为是外部环境因素。政治环境在国内外企业中起着至关重要的作用，无论组织大小，政治因素都适用于经营活动。中国也被认为是一个公共行为国家，而新娘是非法的，但他们这样做已经有很长时间了。希望在海外拓展业务的组织已经深入研究了该国其他国家的政治制度。
According to the Sydney Morning Herald news on 18 August 2014 “Apple, Samsung faced tougher China market after subsidy cuts” reported by Edmond Lococo. First of all China is a communist country, where their political situation is very unstable. China economic reforms in the late 70s do bring more pros than cons to today China. The major change is more on to bring the China economic to a higher standard and on the hand China try changing their communist country to a more political stable country to grow with their economy. China does take strong control on their communist environment and build a strong economic nation (Blanchard & Shleifer 2001). China central government play their role to protect their nation product refer to the news Xiaomi and Lenovo by providing subsidy to the phone producer which produce the same quality compare to the phone industry giants (Samsung & Apple) with a lower price by doing such action it show a great result where the giant losses out in the sales in China, China central government did a great job to sustain their macro-economic environment by stable their economic and political force (Clapp & Helleiner 2012). Local phone giants (Xiaomi and Lenovo) and others local phone producer can take this opportunity given by the government to excel their product and organisation by the help and fund from the central government in long-term (Luthans & Doh 2012). According to Edmond Lococo, one of the factors that central government is worry about the US technology companies given order to spy or hack their data could be their threats, by having their own server in controlling the encrypted data (2014). Even-though Apple claim that their do not share information to third-party but to China central government prevention is better than cure in this case.
据《悉尼先驱晨报》2014年8月18日报道，Edmond Lococo报道，“苹果、三星在补贴削减后面临更严峻的中国市场”。首先，中国是一个共产主义国家，那里的政治局势非常不稳定。70年代末的中国经济改革给今天的中国带来了更多的好处而不是坏处。主要的变化更多的是将中国的经济提高到一个更高的水平，一方面，中国试图将他们的共产主义国家转变为一个政治上更稳定的国家，以与他们的经济一起增长。中国确实对其共产主义环境进行了强有力的控制，并建立了一个强大的经济国家。中国中央政府发挥其保护国家产品的作用参考消息小米和联想通过向生产与手机行业巨头（三星和苹果）相比质量相同、价格更低的手机生产商提供补贴，这表明了巨头在中国销售中的巨大损失，中国中央政府通过稳定经济和政治力量，在维持宏观经济环境方面做得很好。本地手机巨头（小米和联想）和其他本地手机生产商可以利用政府提供的这个机会，在中央政府的长期帮助和资金下，在产品和组织方面取得优异成绩。根据Edmond Lococo的说法，中央政府担心美国科技公司被命令监视或黑客攻击其数据的因素之一可能是他们的威胁，因为他们拥有自己的服务器来控制加密数据。尽管苹果公司声称他们不向第三方分享信息，而是向中国中央政府分享信息，但在这种情况下，预防胜于治疗。
According to Sydney Morning Herald news on 16 September 2014 reported by Brian Robins, “Australian export risk on China dirty coal ban.” Highlighted that Australian coal exporters are force by China government to cut down the coal export amount, so this will cut down the air pollution in China. The reason behind this call by China Central government the haze in major cities had gone worse due to the ashes from coal burning (Li & Zhang 2010). Some of the big cities for example Beijing, Shanghai and so forth had to reduced the order amount from Australia which will caused a big losses to the Australia coal mining industry because China is one the largest buyer in the world that had been constantly buying a big amount of coal from the Australian coal miner industry. The policy made by China Central government may affect on the export rate of Australia coal industry and according to expert and predicted this policy could possible affect on half of the Australia Coal industry in the future, others coal export countries may be affected as well their investment to emerging market such as to market in China due to the reform of new political policy. The good side of this policy made by the China Central government is cutting down air pollution. The negative side is the China will have lesser energy to support the infrastructure in assisting the daily operation in China. This macro-economic factor indirectly affect the Chinese economic force, consequences of these are decision of other big organization who intended to invest or expand in China will consider about this policy.
据《悉尼先驱晨报》2014年9月16日Brian Robins报道，“澳大利亚对中国脏煤禁令的出口风险。”他强调，澳大利亚煤炭出口商是受中国政府的逼迫而减少煤炭出口量的，因此这将减少中国的空气污染。中国中央政府发出这一呼吁的原因是，由于燃煤产生的灰烬，主要城市的雾霾变得更严重。一些大城市，如北京、上海等，不得不减少来自澳大利亚的订单量，这将给澳大利亚煤矿业造成巨大损失，因为中国是世界上最大的买家之一，一直在从澳大利亚煤矿业购买大量煤炭。中国中央政府的政策可能会影响澳大利亚煤炭行业的出口率，据专家预测，这一政策可能会在未来影响澳大利亚一半的煤炭行业，其他煤炭出口国也可能会因新政治政策的改革而影响其对新兴市场的投资，如对中国市场的投资。中国中央政府制定的这项政策的好处是减少空气污染。不利的一面是，中国将较少的精力来支持基础设施在中国的日常运营。这一宏观经济因素间接影响着中国的经济实力，其后果是其他有意在中国投资或扩张的大型组织将考虑这一政策的决定。
Based on Rugman & Hogetts article they mentioned that “Probability that political forces will negatively affect an organisations profit or impede the attainment of business critical objectives” (2003). From the news article that highlighted about the policy reform in china, by changes or modifying the policy, it also affects other macro-economic factors as well. The potential investor will always put risk (economic risk, political risk and so forth) before expanding their business to foreign countries. The expert will always look into the specific countries political level and economic level and analyse the risk level for their organization if it fall under the safe zone they will more likely invest or expand to the country they look into (Johnstone 2010). They are two major risk where have a strong relation between each other which are economic and political risk, economic risk simply defined as the country paying abilities for example looking into their turnover and debts, whereas political risk simply defined as the political decision that made by the country will it affect on the investors for example the policy that are made by the nation are reasonably unbiased or biased towards the nation, people, and investors (Perry 2013). The changes of China policy in having subsidy the local phone industry affect the sales of the phone giants (Samsung and Apple) where they used to be the top five seller phone product in the first quarter but lose out in the second quarter after government providing subsidy to the local manufacturer. The changes of the coal policy have given a big impact to the coal exporters around the world. These two policies can be concluded to cause an impact to the foreign investor and the foreign market. China is consider as an emerging market which simply defined as China’s economic growth and industrial growing pace is coming up rapidly, emerging market have the highest investment return compared taking pollution into account where is showing social responsible towards the environment setting an example to China by making the policy because of the haze that caused by coal burning it is good start for China as a communist country leaning towards an open country today (Nelson 2008). China developed their own legal and laws that are up to the international standard (Lin, Lin & Song 2010)
根据Rugman&Hogetts的文章，他们提到“政治力量对组织利润产生负面影响或阻碍实现商业关键目标的可能性”。从强调中国政策改革的新闻文章来看，通过改变或修改政策，也会影响其他宏观经济因素。潜在投资者在将业务扩展到国外之前，总是会冒风险（经济风险、政治风险等）。专家将始终调查特定国家的政治水平和经济水平，并分析其组织的风险水平，如果该组织属于安全区，他们更有可能投资或扩展到他们调查的国家。它们是两种相互之间有着密切关系的主要风险，即经济风险和政治风险，经济风险简单地定义为国家的偿付能力，例如查看其营业额和债务，而政治风险简单地定义为国家做出的政治决定会对投资者产生影响，例如国家制定的政策对国家、人民和投资者有合理的偏见或偏见。中国对当地手机行业补贴政策的变化影响了手机巨头（三星和苹果）的销售，它们曾是第一季度销量前五的手机产品，但在政府向当地制造商提供补贴后，在第二季度失去了销量。煤炭政策的变化对世界各地的煤炭出口国产生了巨大影响。这两项政策可以归结为对外国投资者和外国市场造成影响。中国被认为是一个新兴市场，简单地定义为中国的经济增长和工业增长速度正在迅速加快，考虑到污染，新兴市场的投资回报率最高。考虑到对环境的社会责任，新兴市场通过制定政策为中国树立了榜样，因为燃煤造成了雾霾。这对今天中国作为一个倾向于开放国家的共产主义国家来说是一个良好的开端。中国制定了符合国际标准的法律法规
In conclusion, China is doing great as a communist country and as an emerging market. After since the late 70s the international business activities had been rapidly growing. Many foreign investors are looking towards this big market (China). China is well known for their low minimum wages and low price for resources, by having these two criteria many foreign investors had move their production company to China and operate in China with a much lower operating cost. China macro-environment is so much more complex and dynamic macro-environment factors especially that China is one of the hottest market and faster growing emerging market today. To do extremely well in this growing market, investors have to be very clear on what is happening on this market (China) and have a good understanding of how the macro-environment works, and how the consequences and effect that cause changes of any macro-environment forces to be prepare and ready to sustain the business in China. Phone giants (Samsung, Apple and so forth) have been doing very well in china for the past but china is building for the own local product to improve their own economic forces, since after many years of experience they are strong enough to launch many of their own local product today and even selling across international market.
References:参考文献
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总之，作为一个社会主义国家和一个新兴市场，中国做得很好。自70年代末以来，国际商业活动迅速发展。许多外国投资者正把目光投向这个大市场。中国以其低最低工资和低资源价格而闻名，由于有了这两个标准，许多外国投资者不得不将他们的生产公司转移到中国，并以更低的运营成本在中国运营。中国的宏观环境是一个更加复杂和动态的宏观环境因素，尤其是中国是当今最热门、增长最快的新兴市场之一。要想在这个不断增长的市场上做得非常好，投资者必须非常清楚这个市场（中国）正在发生什么，并充分了解宏观环境是如何运作的，以及导致任何宏观环境变化的后果和影响如何迫使他们做好准备，为在中国维持业务做好准备。手机巨头（三星、苹果等）过去在中国做得很好，但中国正在打造自己的本土产品，以提高自己的经济实力，因为经过多年的经验，他们已经足够强大，可以在今天推出许多自己的本土产品，甚至在国际市场上销售。本站提供各国各专业留学生代写或写作指导服务，如有需要可咨询本平台。