留学生项目管理学essay代写范文—项目成功的定义，本文是一篇留学生管理专业的Essay写作格式参考范文，项目由其范围、预算和进度来定义。例如，一个机构将进行一个项目，为其公共汽车车队(范围)设计和建造一个新的维修设施，估计费用为3 000万美元(初步预算)，为期三年(时间表)。时间表指定了一个已定义的开始和结束。项目在开始和结束之间的生命周期通常包括:启动、规划、设计、施工、调试和结束。以下是管理学essay范例写作的全部内容，是一篇符合国外大学Essay写作格式要求的范文，供参考。
_0.jpg "项目管理学essay范文")
Using your own words, define “Project Success”. Describe some aspects of how you would approach a project to ensure delivery of successful project outcome.
用你自己的话，定义“项目成功”。描述你将如何处理一个项目以确保交付成功的项目结果的一些方面。
Introduction引言
Projects are defined by their scope, budget, and schedule. For example, an Agency is to undertake a project to design and build a new maintenance facility for its fleet of buses (scope), at an estimate of $30 million (preliminary budget) over a three-year period (schedule). The schedule specifies a defined beginning and end. Projects go through a life cycle of phases between their beginnings and end that for construction projects are typically: initiation, planning, design, construction, commissioning, and closeout.
Project Success is defined in many ways but briefly means that it consists of many activities which have to be considered and completed within the constraints of time, cost, and performance. Project can be successful if the following factors are implemented.
Time Period: Time plays a key role for completion of project. Every Project are constrained to a specific time period and within that time the project should be completed. There should not be any extensions if the completion date of project is finalised.
Cost/Budget: It is also a key constraint for all projects in a limited budget. Projects should run within the budget allocated. All requirements should be fulfilled within the budget limits and the resources should be used efficiently to complete the project. Generally the project manager develops the budget based on the cost estimates at the beginning of each project phase and refines it once there is better information defining the scope. Refining the budget occurs through studies and analysis in the design development process through the Preliminary engineering phase. When Agencies try to fix the budget too early in the project life cycle, they are surprised by the significant increases in the budget over what was set forth in the Capital Improvement Plan. The budget should not be fixed as baseline until after completion of the preliminary engineering phase.
成本/预算:在有限的预算中，它也是所有项目的关键约束。项目应该在分配的预算范围内运行。应在预算范围内满足所有要求，并有效利用资源完成项目。通常情况下，项目经理在每个项目阶段开始时根据成本估算制定预算，并在获得确定范围的更好信息后进行细化。在设计开发过程中，通过初步工程阶段的研究和分析来细化预算。如果在事业周期中过早地进行预算调整，就会对预算大幅增加而感到惊讶。在初步工程阶段完成之前，预算不应被定为基准。
Performance:性能:
SocioCultural Issues:
Sociocultural factors play an increasingly significant role in the development project management. This aspect produces a provisional social system within a well-built organizational environment that unites the talents of a different set of professionals working to entire the project. Project managers should build a supportive social network among a different set of collaborators with diverse standards, obligations, and views. Since People are the essential part of project, the essential factors narrating people in project management are teamwork, communication, leadership, negotiation, problem solving, behavioural characteristics and conflict management.
Project’s success greatly depends upon the commitment of all the team members to achieve the common goal. To select the right members and ensure good team work within the project team is a challenge for the project manager. Effective communication is essential; the main objective of communication in project management is to perceive that there is a general understanding of the project.
Leadership involves identifying and articulating the need to considerably change the direction and function of the project, aligning people to the latest direction, and motivating them to work collectively to conquer hurdles produced by the change and to understand innovative objectives. Negotiation is the process of planning, discussing, suggest, trade-offs, bargaining and agreeing. The factors like resources, assignments, scope, cost and schedule of objectives are managed by the project staff in a project.
领导力包括确定并阐明需要在很大程度上改变项目的方向和功能，将人们调整到最新的方向，并激励他们共同努力，以克服变化产生的障碍，并理解创新的目标。谈判是计划、讨论、建议、权衡、讨价还价和同意的过程。诸如资源、任务、范围、成本和目标进度等因素由项目中的项目人员管理。
The project manger should be capable of identifying and analysing problems related to technical and managerial aspects in a project. By constructing problem-solving in a project and problem collaboration in project team then these problems are dealt swiftly. Problem definition and decision making are involved in problem solving.
Behavioural characteristics are the factors that divide and depict a person’s favoured way of acting, interacting, and responding in a variety of circumstances. The behavioural characteristics which are essential for project management are thoughts, common sense, progressiveness, adaptability, creativity, prudent risk taker, equality and commitment.
In several organizations, conflicts occur between employees as a normal result of employee relations. The project manager needs to identify the objects and behavioural components of conflict. In any organisation conflicts can be managed by collaborating, compromising, smoothing, avoidance and competing.
1. Project Mission—- It should have defined goals and general directions.
2. Project Schedule/Plan —- A detailed specification of the individual activities for the project Implementation.
3. Client Consultation —- There should be regular consultation, communication and active participations in all meetings.
4. Personnel — Recruitment, Selection, and Training of the necessary personnel for the project team.
5. Technical Tasks— For a certain project there should be availability of the required technology and expertise to accomplish the specific technical action steps.
6. Clients Acceptance —- The act of selling the final Project to its ultimate intended users.
7. Monitoring and Feedback—- Timely provision of comprehensive control information at each stage in the implementation process.
8. Communication —– The provision of an appropriate network and necessary data to all key actors in the implementation process.
9. Trouble-shooting —- Ability to handle unexpected crises and deviations from plan.
10. Top-Management Support —- Willingness of top management to provide the necessary resources and authority/power for project success.
Question 2 (5 Marks)第2题(5分)
Describe the role of the Project Manager. Discuss the extent to which the power of the Project Manager is dependent upon the organisational context. (Note – assume the organisation is the employer of the Project Manager).
Introduction:引言
Definition:定义
A project manager is the person who has the overall responsibility for the successful planning and execution of a project.
Aim Of Project Manager项目经理的目标
To understand the nature of the work.
To make sure that customer is satisfied.
To ensure quality and safety of the work done.
To ensure work is done within the specified budget.
To ensure work is done within the specified time limit.
To coordinate the activities of various team members to ensure that they perform right task at the right time as a cohesive group.
来理解工作的本质。
确保客户满意。
确保工作质量和安全完成。
确保工作在规定的预算范围内完成。
确保工作在规定的时间内完成。
协调各个团队成员的活动，确保他们作为一个有凝聚力的团队在正确的时间执行正确的任务。
Role Of Project Managers项目经理的角色
Planning
Organizing
Controlling
Leading
Communicating
Cognitive functions
Self management functions
Motivational and personal development functions
Customer awareness functions
Organizational savvy functions
Planning规划
Defines the project objective and reaches agreement with the customer on this objective.
Communicate this objective to the team members for successful accomplishment of the objective.
Along with the team members development plan is prepared.
Review of the plan with the customer.
Project management information system is formed to compare actual progress to planned progress
Organising组织
Involves securing the appropriate resources to perform the work.
Identify the various type of activities which are to be performed.
Assign responsibility and delegates authority to specific individuals or sub contractors.
To ensure these activities are completed within specified budget and schedule.
Controlling控制
Implements a project management information system to compare actual progress to planned progress.
Monitors the assigned tasks and regularly get data on progress, schedule and costs.
Immediate actions are taken if actual progress falls behind planned progress.
Along with the team members he/she decides appropriate corrective action and how to replan those parts of the project.
He/she must be proactive, resolving problems before they become worse.
Leading领先的
Clearly define roles, responsibilities and performance expectations.
Foster collaboration among team members.
Removing of obstacles that hampers team progress, readiness or effectiveness.
Promotes team participation in problem solving and decision making as appropriate.
Passes credit on to team, and promotes their positive visibility to upper management.
Appreciates, promotes and leverages the diversity within the team.
Communicating沟通
Communicate effectively with all levels inside and outside of the organizations.
Negotiate fairly and effectively.
Brings conflicts into the open and manages it collaboratively and productively.
Able to influence without relying on coercive power or threats.
Conveys of ideas and information clearly and concisely, both in writing and orally.
Cognitive Functions认知功能
Gathers information systematically; seeks input from several sources.
Considers a broad range of issues or factors when solving problems.
Collects the appropriate quantity of data for the situation before making a decision.
Draws accurate conclusions from quantitative data.
Makes decisions in an unbiased, objective manner using an appropriate process.
Self Management Functions自我管理功能
Maintains focus and control when faced with ambiguity and uncertainty.
Shows consistency among principles, values and behavior.
Resilient and tenacious in the face of pressure, opposition, constraints, or adversity.
Manages implementations effectively; recognized as someone “who gets things done.”
Actively seeks feedbacks and modifies behavior accordingly.
Actively pursues learning and self development opportunities
当面对模糊和不确定性时，保持专注和控制。
体现原则、价值观和行为的一致性。
坚韧的在面对压力、反对、约束或逆境时坚韧不拔的
有效管理实现;被认为是“能把事情做好的人”。
积极寻求反馈并相应调整行为。
积极寻求学习和自我发展的机会
Motivational And Personal Development Functions动机和个人发展功能
Considers individual skills, values and interests when assigning or delegating tasks.
Allows team members an appropriate amount of freedom to do the job.
Continuously seeks and offers opportunities for personal and professional growth.
Provides for training and support when needed.
Gives timely, specific and constructive feedback.
Customer Awareness Functions客户感知功能
Anticipates customer’s needs and proactively strives to satisfy them.
Accurately translates the customer’s verbalized wants into what they actually needs.
Seeks to understand customers and their business.
Actively build and maintain strong customer relationships
Responsive to customer’s issues, concerns and queries.
Actively strives to exceed customer expectations.
Organizational Savvy Functions组织精明的功能
Involves the right people at the right time
Understands, accepts and properly uses power and influence in relationships.
Builds and leverages formal and informal networks to get things done
Knows the mission, structure and functions of the organizations and others
Understands profitability and general management philosophy
Balances interests and needs of team/project with those of the broader organization
Conclusion结论
“The Project Manager is a key ingredient in the success of a Project. In addition to providing leadership in planning, organizing and controlling the Project, the manager should possess a set of skills that will both inspire the project team to succeed and win the confidence of the customer. Effective Project Managers have strong leadership ability, the ability to develop people, excellent communication skills, good inter personal skills, the ability to handle stress, problem solving skills and time management skills”.
“项目经理是项目成功的关键因素。除了在计划、组织和控制项目方面提供领导之外，经理还应该拥有一套既能激励项目团队成功又能赢得客户信任的技能。有效的项目经理具有较强的领导能力、培养人的能力、优秀的沟通能力、良好的人际交往能力、处理压力的能力、解决问题的能力和时间管理能力。
留学生Essay相关专业范文素材资料，尽在本网，可以随时查阅参考。本站也提供多国留学生课程作业写作指导服务，如有需要可以咨询本平台。