本文是留学生assignment范例，题目是“Human Resources Analysis of British Airways（英国航空公司人力资源分析）”，英国航空公司是这次任务的选择机构。将有一个详细的页面，突出背景，行业，员工流动率和任何当前的问题。此外，人力资源功能分析，它采取的一种方法和方法将被批判性地评估，说明其含义和它如何对组织的成功作出贡献。最后，我们将讨论人力资源如何支持英国航空公司的商业战略。
Abstract 摘要
British Airways is the chosen organisation for this assignment. There will be a detailed page highlighting the background, industry, turnover of employees and any current issues. Moreover, the HR function analysis, an approach it takes and the approach will be critically evaluated stating its implications and how it has contributed to the success of the organisation. Finally, there will be a discussion to how the HR has supported the business strategy of British Airways.
British Airways (BA) was established in 1974 by the merger of BOAC and BEA. In 1987, the privatisation of BA was completed under the leadership of chairman Lord king’s (British Airways, 2019).Furthermore, research shows that, BA service about 95 million passengers in a year using 441 airports in 86 countries with more than 1000 planes (British Airways, 2019). In every 90 seconds, an aircraft owned by British Airways takes off (British Airways, 2019). Currently, there is about 45,000 employees which includes, 16,500 cabin crew and 3,900 pilots (British Airways, 2019).
英国航空公司(BA)成立于1974年，由英国海外航空公司和东亚航空公司合并。1987年，英航在董事长Lord king 的领导下完成了私有化(英国航空公司，2019年)。此外，研究表明，英航每年使用86个国家的441个机场，使用1000多架飞机，服务约9500万名乘客(英国航空公司，2019年)。每90秒就有一架英国航空公司的飞机起飞(英国航空公司，2019)。目前，该公司约有4.5万名员工，其中包括16500名机组人员和3900名飞行员(英国航空公司，2019年)。
1.Background of the company公司背景
British Airways is said to be the largest arline industry in the world and can be located at one of the busiest airport in London by the name Heathrow Airport. Moreover, British Airways hires experienced people to work both in air or on the ground. On the 25th August, 2019, British Airways celebrated their 100th Anniversary. There are about 145 places available for apprentiship and also have opportunities for graduates who wish to work with them (British Airways, 2019).
据说，英国航空公司是世界上最大的航空公司，可以坐落在伦敦最繁忙的机场之一的希思罗机场。此外，英国航空公司雇佣有经验的人在空中或地面工作。2019年8月25日，英国航空公司庆祝成立100周年。目前约有145个实习机会，也为希望与他们一起工作的毕业生提供机会(英国航空公司，2019年)。
2.Wider Environment更广阔的环境
According to Stimpson and Smith (2015), the steeple (social, technological, economical, environmental, political, legal and ethical) is a useful analytical tool which is used to analyse the external context of an organisation. In the recent years, emergency of the millennial generation into the customer class has had a major influence on the social changes. In terms of service, customers have become demanding and so, in order for airlines to manage the increased demands, there have to be a stability in their cost.
根据Stimpson和Smith(2015)，尖塔(社会、技术、经济、环境、政治、法律和伦理)是一个有用的分析工具，用于分析组织的外部环境。近年来，千禧一代进入消费者阶层的紧急情况对社会变革产生了重大影响。在服务方面，客户的要求越来越高，因此，为了应对日益增长的需求，航空公司必须在成本上保持稳定。
In the case of British Airways, there was an operational issue in 2016 due to the peak summer season. The huge impact of this was due to the a social factor which was outside the control of the airline’s especially the air traffic controller strike which happened in France in March 2017 (Calder, 2019). British Airways had no option but to use larger aircraft to get customers to their destinations.
The airline industry operates in a highly controlled political environment which turns to favour customers over the airlines. Research shows that, Brexit generated an uncertainity in the business environment. However, the govrenement approved the third run away at Heathrow which was a great opportunity for British Airways as it predominately operates at Heathrow Airport (Johnson, 2016).
In the past years, there has being an increased in the number of lawsuits against airlines from both their employees and passengers. There was a delay in the paid meals on its short haul flights at London City airport due to legal issue. The ethical aspect is about what is good and bad for the business. the failure for an airline to not advertise the full price is known to be an ethical issue. Furthermore discrimination is also a major ethical factor in the airline business for r example, a pregnant cabin crew was discriminating by British Airways and was told to work as ground staff (Millward, 2011).
3.Internal Environment内部环境
SWOT analysis is conducted to identify the strengths, weakness, opportunity and threats of an organisation (Sarsby, 2016). Firstly, the strengths for an airline industry is the growing income levels. In relation to BA, it has enjoyed a strong brand reputation which lead them winning the business and customer super brand in the United Kingdom three times straight (The Guardian, 2016).
SWOT分析用于识别一个组织的优势、劣势、机会和威胁(Sarsby, 2016)。首先，航空业的优势在于不断增长的收入水平。与英航相比，它拥有强大的品牌声誉，这使得他们连续三次赢得英国的商业和客户超级品牌(the Guardian, 2016)。
Moreover, airline workers are known to be highly trained e.g. BA train their employees to the best to ensure that their customers receive the highest level of service and their employees are well experienced (British Airways, 2019). However, the big issue in the airline business is infrastructural development. For BA, the recent strike has damaged their brand name. Moschieri and Blake (2019) highlights that, BA depends more on the UK market which could be affected by Brexit.
An advancement in technology is a chance for airline industry to reduce their operational cost and help organisations provide their passengers with internet, i.e. it is suggested that, customers of BA will have access to WIFI on board (Efthymiou et al, 2019). Due to the drop in global economy, less people will travel for leisure and business which might have an impact on the financial market of BA.
4.Soft Human Resource Approach软人力资源方法
According to Banfield and Kay (2012), soft human resource approach is a humanistic approach i.e. it values individuals in an organisation as assests. This approach sees employees as an essential resource who are key to the organisation reaching its long term business goals/strategy.
Banfield和Kay(2012)认为，软人力资源方法是一种人文主义的方法，即将组织中的个人视为资产。这种方法将员工视为一种重要的资源，是组织实现其长期业务目标/战略的关键。
The business strategy for BA is to enhance their customer service. They are highly driven by the soft HR approach i.e. they treat their employees as individuals and plan according to the needs of their employees (BA, 2009/10). Furthermore, organisations are commitmented to create an environment which makes employees feel valued and recognised for their hard work likewise BA.
One of the key aims of BA is to supply their workers with reward packages which will have an influence on their performance (BA, 2009/10). In addition, BA depends on the efficiency of their workers to operate and so they take pride in giving them the best training. Moreover, there are some pros and cons of this approach.
5.Strategic business partners战略业务合作伙伴
HR professionals in BA works well with the management teams. This is because the relationship between the two is vital as it enables the organisation to reach their success. In the psst years, HR department in BA has supported the organisation through all the changes they have faced by providing employees with the right training.
BA的人力资源专业人士与管理团队合作良好。这是因为两者之间的关系至关重要，因为它能使组织取得成功。在过去的几年里，BA的人力资源部门通过为员工提供正确的培训，支持了组织所面临的所有变化。
6.Centre of excellence卓越中心
Reward and recognitionare being said to be the best ways of encouraging workers to develop performance in order for BA to reach their goal. An essential aspect in the role of an HR is to keep people focus on reaching the goals of a company while giving them the opportunity for growth and advancement.
为了让英航实现他们的目标，奖励和认可据说是鼓励员工提高业绩的最佳方式。HR角色的一个重要方面是让员工专注于实现公司的目标，同时给他们提供成长和晋升的机会。
BA is an airline which focuse on putting their customers first and so they make sure that their employees are provided with the best training programme to ensure their customers receive the best service. However, they are currently facing commercial difficulties which includes competition from cheaper Asian airline, unpredictable rise in fuel, employee strike and environmental issues. Moreover, British Airways recognises the hard work of their employees so that they will be motivated to do their best for the organisation to reach their success. British Airways has highlighted that in 2020, they will start a paid internship programme.
英国航空公司是一家把客户放在第一位的航空公司，因此他们确保他们的员工得到最好的培训计划，以确保他们的客户得到最好的服务。然而，他们目前面临着商业上的困难，包括来自亚洲廉价航空公司的竞争，燃油不可预测的上涨，员工罢工和环境问题。此外，英国航空公司认识到他们的员工的努力工作，因此他们将有动力为组织尽最大努力达到他们的成功。英国航空公司强调，他们将在2020年启动一个带薪实习项目。
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