本文是留学生assignment范例，题目是“Aspects of Business Environment and How They Impact Business Functions（企业环境的各个方面以及它们如何影响业务功能）”，企业环境是指企业存在和经营的环境。这种环境包括所有那些影响组织功能和成长的因素。本报告讨论了商业环境的各个方面，以及它们如何影响各种类型的组织，如公共组织、私人组织和志愿组织的功能。在私人组织的背景下，报告讨论了宝马的微观和宏观环境的各个方面，以及伦敦交通和国家信托分别与私人组织和志愿组织的关系。
Abstract 摘要
Business environment refers to surroundings of a business in which business exist and operate. This environment includes all those factors that affect functioning and growth of organisation. This report discusses various aspects of business environment and how they impact functioning of various type of organisation like public organisation, private organisation and voluntary organisation. In context with private organisation report discuss various aspects of BMW's micro and macro environment and those of Transport for London and Nation Trust in respectively in relation with private organisation and voluntary organisation.
Report discusses purpose of these organisations' existence and their size and how different organisational functions interrelate with each other and their impact on organisation structure along with internal analysis of organisation and their impact on external environment.
报告讨论了这些组织存在的目的和它们的规模，以及不同的组织职能如何相互关联，以及它们对组织结构的影响，以及组织的内部分析和它们对外部环境的影响。
1.Private Organisation私人机构
Organisations that are established and run by private people who are owners of the business and all the major decision related to the business are taken by owners of the organisation. Purpose of this organisation in to increase their profitability and gain maximum return on their monetary and non-monetary investments. This report discuss various aspects of BMW, German multinational automotive company as a private organisation.
由企业所有者的私人人士建立和经营的组织，与企业有关的所有主要决策均由该组织的所有者作出。本组织的目标是提高他们的盈利能力，并在他们的货币和非货币投资上获得最大的回报。本报告讨论了宝马的各个方面，德国跨国汽车公司作为一个私人组织。
Legal structure which is also know as ownership structure legal structure of BMW is corporations (Elijayar and et.al., 2017). Presently 50 percent stocks of the company are held by its owners Stefan Quandt and Susanne Klatten and 50 percent stocks of the company are public float which are available to public.）
2.Public Organisation公共组织
Organisations that are owned and operated by government and provide services to public. These organisations do not seek to earn and raise profit and funding of this type of organisations is raised through fees and taxes. This report includes Transport of London as an public organisation. TfL is a local government body which is responsible for transport in London, England. This organisation's is a statutory organisation and legal status of the company is that it is an executive agency within GLA, which refers to Greater London Authority.
由政府拥有和经营并为公众提供服务的组织。这些组织不寻求赚取和筹集利润，这类组织的资金是通过收费和税收筹集的。该报告包括伦敦运输作为一个公共组织。伦敦交通局是一个负责英国伦敦交通的地方政府机构。该组织是一个法定组织，公司的法律地位是它是GLA(大伦敦管理局)中的执行机构。
TfL is headed by Mayor of London and Commissioner of Transport for London this is not operated with profit motive and most of its budget is allocated from fares.
3.Transport for London 伦敦交通
With a budget of more than 11 billion pounds TfL is local government body of London that look after transport in Greater London. TfL employs around 28000 employees. Functions of TfL are to manage various road routes and rail networks that are London Underground, London Overground, Docklands Light Railway and TfL Rail. However national rail is not covered in scope of TfL.
拥有超过110亿英镑的预算，伦敦交通局是伦敦的地方政府机构，负责大伦敦地区的交通。伦敦交通局大约有28000名员工。伦敦交通局的职能是管理各种道路路线和铁路网络，包括伦敦地下、伦敦地上、码头区轻轨和伦敦交通局铁路。然而，国家铁路不在伦敦交通局的范围内。
But trams, buses, taxis, cycling provision and river services are included in scope of TfL. Scope of TfL also includes for commissioning the construction of the new Crossrailline jointly with national department for transport and franchising of its operation after it is completed.
4.National Trust国民托管组织
National Trust completely known as national trust for places of Historic Interest or Natural Beauty (Brudney, Prentice and Harris, 2018). Mainly scope of National Trust includes working for the purpose for which this organisation have been established that is preservational of historic places and those of natural beauty. But specifically scope of organisation works on prevention of selling of inalienable land. National Trust owns 500 heritage property of 610,000 acres.
国家信托完全被称为历史名胜或自然美景的国家信托(Brudney, Prentice和Harris, 2018)。国家信托的主要范围包括为这个组织成立的目的而工作，即保护历史地点和那些自然美景。但组织的具体范围是防止出售不可转让的土地。国民信托拥有61万英亩的500处遗产。
This organisation is funded by membership subscription, entrance subscription and revenue from gift shop and restaurants within its properties.
5.Link with organisational objectives and Structure与组织目标和结构相联系
Organisational objectives and their fulfillment is an important purpose that insist organisation to perform all these functions. Organisational objectives become basis for performance of these functions and effectiveness of functions and interrelation brings completion of organisational objectives.
组织目标及其实现是一个重要的目的，坚持组织执行所有这些功能。组织目标成为执行这些职能的基础，职能和相互关系的有效性带来组织目标的完成。
Structure of BMW is closely related with its functions as structure of BMW is network oriented and all the functions are divided on the basis of functions that are performed by the company. All departments are independent but connect to each other interchangeably. Business of the organisation maintains independent division and production specialization is key initiative of organisation.
6.Economical经济
international businesses have to consider economic condition of all the countries where they are willing to operate. BMW is a premium vehicle company making its products luxury and comparatively expensive than other companies' vehicles. Those countries whose economic condition are positive like developed countries and spending pattern of people are favourable then BMW have good scope in that country for profit in that country.
国际企业必须考虑他们愿意经营的所有国家的经济状况。宝马是一家高档汽车公司，它的产品比其他公司的车更豪华，价格也相对昂贵。那些像发达国家一样经济状况良好的国家，人们的消费模式是有利的，那么宝马在那个国家就有很好的利润空间。
On the basis of this report it can be concluded that different type of organisation have different purposes that members or owners of the organisation seeks to fulfil. Where private organisations are working to earn and increase profit, only motive and purpose of voluntary organisation is to address issues of the society and when it comes to public organisation they seek to cater interest of the society.
Functions that organisations undertake also differs on the basis of their nature and this report included functions undertaken by BMW and their relation with other functions. Analysis of macro environment and interrelation with internal and external environment have also been performed in this report.
组织承担的职能也因其性质而异，本报告包括了宝马承担的职能及其与其他职能的关系。本报告还分析了宏观环境以及与内外环境的相互关系。
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