本文是留学生assignment代写范例，题目是“UK Membership of the European Union - Impact on Tesco's Business（英国加入欧盟-对乐购业务的影响）”，这篇报道将解释欧盟的作用，并描述英国的欧盟成员国身份对Tesco的影响。一系列重要的全球因素对Tesco运营的影响也将被描述，接下来是对欧盟环境变化和全球因素对Tesco的影响的评估。像Tesco这样的组织可以进入连接各经济体的欧洲市场，这对它们产生了影响，因为它们不需要向其他成员国支付任何关税或消费税。这对Tesco有影响，因为他们的费用更少，能够更自由地交易。这种商品的自由流动降低了欧盟内部企业的成本，也降低了欧盟以外与欧盟进行贸易的国家的成本。
Abstract 摘要
This report will explain the role of the European Union and describe the impact which UK membership of the EU has on Tesco. The impact which a range of significant global factors have on the operations on Tesco will also be described followed by an assessment on the impact of changes in the EU environment and global factors on Tesco.An organisation such as Tesco has access to the European market that links economies and this has an impact on them as there is no need to pay any customs or excise charges to other member states. This has implications for Tesco as they have less expense and are able to trade much more freely. This free movement of goods has decreased costs for businesses within the EU as well as reduced costs for countries outside the EU that trade with it.
Different European factors have different influences on the UK economy as the UK is currently a part of the European Union at the minute. As the EU affects the UK economy, different businesses such as Tesco are also affected and this will be looked at below.The European Council was formally founded in 2009 and this helped to draw all the strengths of the different states together. This then resulted in the Lisbon Treaty being signed which was set up to enhance the efficiency and legitimacy of the Union and to improve the coherence of its action. This then allowed the EU to work more effectively and effectively and allowed the free movement of people, goods and services throughout all member states. This affected Tesco positively as they were able to buy and sell goods and services freely as well as source labour from other EU countries without any problems.
由于英国目前是欧盟的一部分，不同的欧洲因素对英国经济有不同的影响。随着欧盟影响英国经济，不同的企业，如Tesco也受到影响，这将在下面看。欧洲理事会于2009年正式成立，这有助于将不同国家的力量聚集在一起。这导致了《里斯本条约》的签署，该条约的建立是为了提高欧盟的效率和合法性，并提高其行动的连贯性。这使得欧盟能够更有效地运作，并允许人员、商品和服务在所有成员国之间自由流动。这对乐购有积极的影响，因为他们可以自由地购买和销售商品和服务，以及从其他欧盟国家没有任何问题的劳动力。
1.Performance of European Union economies欧盟经济体的表现
The EU encourages its 28 member states to work closely together through the single market as this means that as they do so, the economies of individual countries such as Ireland, UK and Spain for example are more closely linked. As of April 2017, 19 of the 28 EU countries use the Euro as their currency which means there are no exchange rate fluctuations between them. As Tesco is primarily based in the UK they use GBP and so the value of the current currency is less. This impacts on Tesco as it means that they perhaps cannot afford to buy some products as cheaply as they would like from other EU countries due to the decreased value of the pound. This would mean that Tesco’s expenses rise and profits may also be negatively impacted as a result.
欧盟鼓励其28个成员国通过单一市场密切合作，因为这意味着，当它们这样做时，爱尔兰、英国和西班牙等单个国家的经济就会更加紧密地联系在一起。截至2017年4月，欧盟28个成员国中有19个国家使用欧元作为货币，这意味着它们之间没有汇率波动。由于Tesco主要是在英国，他们使用英镑，所以当前货币的价值更少。这对Tesco造成了影响，因为这意味着由于英镑的贬值，他们可能无法从其他欧盟国家购买一些便宜的产品。这意味着Tesco的费用会增加，利润也会受到负面影响。
The EU has encouraged its 28 member states to work closely through the single market and as time has passed by the counties have become more closely linked. The performance of a lot of EU countries has greatly reduced in recent years. They have built up huge deficits.
This led in 2008 to a group of economies in the EU being referred to as PIGS (Portugal, Italy, Greece and Spain) as they had large deficits and high levels of unemployment. More recently Ireland has joined the group and it now has become PIIGS.
Different countries within the EU have very different economies as some do well and others have huge debts and financial deficits. In 2008 a group of economies in the EU were grouped together as they had large deficits and high levels of unemployment. As of 2017, some of the most competitive EU economies include Switzerland, Germany and the Netherlands.
2.European policies欧洲政策
There are many different European policies that affect UK businesses such as Tesco. Some of these will be:
Agriculture – The Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) was developed by the EU and was set up to benefit its members by encouraging the production of safe and high quality food, supporting the upholding of rural communities and giving farmers incentives to have a good corporate responsibility for the environment. The CAP aims to make sure there is sustainable agricultural production in the EU that ultimately helps the economic and social environment of the union. In the EU, agricultural land represents a large part and so it is important to ensure that sustainable agricultural production takes place from not only an economic point of view, but also an environmental and social point of view.
欧洲有许多不同的政策影响着特易购(Tesco)等英国企业。其中包括:
农业——共同农业政策(CAP)由欧盟制定，旨在通过鼓励生产安全和高质量的食品、支持维护农村社区和激励农民对环境承担良好的企业责任，使其成员国受益。CAP旨在确保欧盟有可持续的农业生产，最终有助于欧盟的经济和社会环境。在欧盟，农业用地占了很大一部分，因此，确保可持续农业生产不仅从经济角度，而且从环境和社会角度来看都是很重要的。
This policy impacts Tesco as they must follow procedures to ensure they are selling food which is safe, of high quality and which was produced in line with protecting the environment. Tesco are also impacted by the CAP as they trade within the EU and to have a good brand image, must show that they follow guidelines set by the CAP as this will give them a good image in terms of corporate social responsibility. Tesco may be further impacted as they follow strict guidelines of suppliers they can and cannot have as well as ways in which they source their goods.
Business, growth and employment – The European Commission (EC) works with the 28 EU member states to help achieve business success, growth and employment The EC will look at ways to invest and grow that are smarter and greener. The EU has policies in place which promote employment and schemes that support countries to develop and grow. Examples of policies that support business growth and opportunities for employment include Enterprise and Industry policies which are developed by the EC.
This policy impacts Tesco as they may be given grants to help them become greener and grow faster which would help them, other businesses and the economy. Tesco may also be impacted by this policy as they become more supported with employment schemes and apprenticeship schemes by the EC to help reduce unemployment. This helps Tesco to acquire new staff cheaply which helps them cut costs, increase profits and grow much quicker.
Education – As well as business, growth and development, the European Commission also sets out policies in relation to education within the 28 member states. The European strategy in relation to education and training identifies different strategic objectives which include
3.European Monetary Union (EMU)欧洲货币联盟(EMU)
All 28 member states of the EU are linked into the Economic and Monetary Union either by being within it or being affected by it. Countries that trade in euro are known as the ‘euro zone’. As of May 2017, 19 of the 28 EU member states use the euro as their currency and enjoy the benefits of it. The benefits to member states of being part of the EMU are that there is enhanced economic stability throughout the EU. The UK has always had opt-out with regards to the euro zone and due to referendum vote in favour of Brexit in 2016; it is now looking as unlikely as ever. There are a number of potential arguments for and against the UK joining the EMU which will be looked at below.
欧盟所有28个成员国都与经济与货币联盟(Economic and Monetary Union)联系在一起，要么是联盟成员，要么是受其影响。使用欧元进行贸易的国家被称为“欧元区”。截至2017年5月，欧盟28个成员国中有19个国家使用欧元作为本国货币，并享受欧元带来的好处。加入欧洲货币联盟对成员国的好处是，整个欧盟的经济稳定性得到了增强。由于2016年的全民公投支持脱欧，英国一直选择退出欧元区;现在看来，这和以往一样不太可能。支持和反对英国加入欧洲货币联盟的潜在理由有很多，下文将对此进行分析。
4.World Trade Organisation (WTO)世界贸易组织(WTO)
The World Trade Organisation was set up in 1995 and is made up of 164 member governments. The purpose of the WTO is to promote trading and to sort out any disputes. It tries to help countries to negotiate trade agreements and thus boost the development of all countries. There are ten benefits that the WTO associates with trade across the world and these include. This factor works to achieve higher living standards, full employment and sustainable development. This has implications for Tesco as there is a society which has higher rates of employment and so higher disposable income to be spent with Tesco. This allows Tesco to have customers who spend more which increases their revenue and subsequent profits.
世界贸易组织成立于1995年，由164个成员国政府组成。世贸组织的目的是促进贸易和解决争端。它试图帮助各国谈判贸易协定，从而促进所有国家的发展。世贸组织将全球贸易联系在一起有十个好处，其中包括。这一因素有助于实现更高的生活水平、充分就业和可持续发展。这对特易购具有启示，因为社会就业率更高，因此有更高的可支配收入可以用于特易购。这使得乐购能够拥有消费更多的顾客，从而增加他们的收入和随后的利润。
The WTO also impacts Tesco as it promotes free trade and this cuts the cost of living which again increases the disposable income which people have to spend in stores such as Tesco, giving Tesco the opportunity to have a more affluent customer base which ultimately leads to higher profits for the business.
5.Trading blocs贸易集团
A trading bloc is a group of countries that work together in an attempt to increase trade amongst one another and to take advantage as a group from economic benefits. Trading blocs can make trade with other countries not inside the trading bloc much more difficult. Examples of trading blocs would be the European Union (EU) and the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) which supports trade between the United States, Canada and Mexico and so fees and other charges are reduced which makes free trade easier. Just like this, the EU acts as a trading bloc and allows some other countries to work with it to trade more easily.
贸易集团是一组国家的合作，试图增加彼此之间的贸易，并利用作为一个集团的经济利益。贸易集团会使与其他不在该集团内的国家的贸易变得更加困难。贸易集团的例子有欧盟(EU)和北美自由贸易协定(NAFTA)，这些协定支持美国、加拿大和墨西哥之间的贸易，因此降低了费用和其他费用，使自由贸易更容易。就像这样，欧盟作为一个贸易集团，允许其他一些国家与它合作，以更容易地进行贸易。
The EU trading bloc impacts Tesco positively in the UK as they are able to trade much more freely and cheaply with other countries inside the same trading bloc. They can benefit from cheaper importation costs and source their products more cheaply from suppliers in other countries. This can help Tesco reduce their costs and increase their profits too.
6.Stock market fluctuations股票市场的波动
Stocks and shares are traded throughout the world through different stock exchanges that exist in different countries. An example of a stock exchange in the UK is the London Stock Exchange. As trade is now much more global as it was years ago and investors try to make as much profit as they can fluctuations in the value of stocks and shares in one country can have a huge impact on those in another. Daily stock market movements are largely based on the laws of supply and demand. This means that stock prices will tend to appreciate in value as demand perks up and the supply of stocks for sale decreases. Conversely, if demand for a particular product is low and the supply or volume of stocks for sale in the marketplace is high, prices will tend to decline. The economic recession in 2008 caused huge fluctuations in the stock market as people sold shares they no longer wanted to invest in as companies were not performing as well.
股票和股票在世界各地通过存在于不同国家的不同股票交易所进行交易。英国证券交易所的一个例子是伦敦证券交易所。由于贸易现在比几年前更加全球化，投资者试图获得尽可能多的利润，一个国家的股票和股票的价值波动可以对另一个国家的股票产生巨大的影响。股票市场的每日变动很大程度上是基于供求规律。这意味着，随着需求增加而可供出售的股票供应减少，股票价格将趋向于升值。相反，如果市场对某种产品的需求较低，而市场上可供销售的库存或库存数量较多，那么价格就会趋于下降。2008年的经济衰退导致了股票市场的巨大波动，因为公司表现不佳，人们抛售了他们不再想投资的股票。
Stock market fluctuations impact on Tesco both negatively and positively. If Tesco share prices fall, more people buy them which can generate revenue for the company as more people buy into the company. This can help them generate capital and help them grow. However, if Tesco do not perform well, people may sell their shares and as a result the company doesn’t bring in as much and here revenue may begin to fall and business operations are negatively affected such as the ability to pay suppliers or maintain stores.
This report successfully explains the role of the European Union and describes the impact which UK membership of the EU has on Tesco. The impact which a range of significant global factors have on the operations of Tesco was also described. The report then went into an assessment in great detail of the impact that changes in the EU environment and global factors have on Tesco.
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这篇报告成功地解释了欧盟的作用，并描述了英国的欧盟成员国身份对Tesco的影响。一系列重要的全球因素对特易购运营的影响也被描述。该报告随后深入评估了欧盟环境和全球因素的变化对特易购的影响。
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