英国商科课程作业代写-商业传播中的法律与伦理问题。本文是一篇英国留学生商科作业写作范文，主要内容是通过对商业传播中所涉及到的相关法律与伦理问题，针对课程作业中所给出的关于Trinity通信公司相关行为进行分析研究，并得出结论。下面就一起来看一下这篇英国商科课程作业的具体内容。
Businesses store information about people inside their organisation. The Data Protection Act protects the information held about people from being misused. The information stored must be:企业存储组织内部人员的信息。《数据保护法》保护人们所掌握的信息不被滥用。存储的信息必须是：
Obtained fairly and lawfully 公平合法取得
Used only for the purposes stated during collection 仅用于收集过程中规定的目的
Adequate, relevant and not excessive in relation to the intended use 与预期用途相关且不过度
Accurate and up to date 准确且最新
Not kept for longer than necessary 未保存超过必要时间
Processed in line with your rights 根据您的权利进行处理
Subject to procedures to prevent unlawful processing, accidental loss, destruction and damage to personal data 遵守防止非法处理、意外丢失、销毁和损坏个人数据的程序
Protected from transfer to an area outside the European Economy Area unless adequate protection exists for that data in the area受保护，不得转移到欧洲经济区以外的区域，除非该区域内的数据有足够的保护
This act means that Trinity Communications can’t use anyone’s personal details without consent from the actual person. For example, they can’t give out someone’s address or date of birth unless they have permission from that person. If they do keep information on customers or members, they have to make sure that the information is secure in a protected database so that strangers can’t randomly access it. Trinity Communications has to ensure that they have a back up of all personal information just in case the original data gets corrupted or deleted. If Trinity Communications don’t adhere to the Data Protection Act, they could face nine fines totaling £1,120,000.
该法案意味着，未经实际人同意，Trinity通信公司不得使用任何人的个人信息。例如，除非得到某人的许可，否则他们不能透露此人的地址或出生日期。如果他们确实保存了客户或会员的信息，他们必须确保这些信息在受保护的数据库中是安全的，这样陌生人就不会随意访问它。Trinity通信公司必须确保他们有所有个人信息的备份，以防原始数据被破坏或删除。如果Trinity通信不遵守《数据保护法》，他们可能面临9笔总计112万英镑的罚款。
Computer Misuse Act 计算机滥用法
This is a law in the UK that legislates against certain activities using computers, such as hacking into other people’s systems, misusing software or helping a person to gain access to protected files on someone else’s computer. The Computer Misuse Act is split into three sections:这是英国的一项法律，规定禁止使用计算机的某些活动，例如侵入他人的系统、滥用软件或帮助他人访问他人计算机上的受保护文件。《计算机滥用法》分为三部分：
Unauthorised access to computer material 未经授权访问计算机材料
Unauthorised access to computer systems with intent to commit another offence 意图再次犯罪而未经授权访问计算机系统
Unauthorised modification of computer material 未经授权修改计算机材料
This act means that Trinity Communications can’t use illegal pirates of software or any form of program. They’re not allowed to access other people’s computer data without permission. They’re not allowed to use unauthorised data as a form of blackmail. It is illegal for Trinity Communications to gain access to a computers data with the intention of altering or deleting it. In addition Trinity Communications cannot plant viruses. If Trinity Communications fail to adhere to this Act, they could face two types of penalties, summary and indictment. Summary penalty can land trinity Communications into prison for 12 months or a fine of up to the statutory maximum. Indictment penalty can land Trinity Communications into prison for 2 years and/or a fine.
该法案意味着Trinity通信公司不能使用非法盗版软件或任何形式的程序。未经允许，他们不得访问他人的计算机数据。他们不允许使用未经授权的数据进行勒索。Trinity通信公司以更改或删除计算机数据为目的访问计算机数据是违法的。此外，Trinity通讯不能植入病毒。如果Trinity通信公司未能遵守该法案，他们可能面临两种类型的处罚，即简易程序和起诉。即决处罚可使Trinity通信公司入狱12个月或处以最高法定罚款。起诉处罚可能会使Trinity通信公司入狱2年和/或罚款。
Freedom of Information Act 信息自由法
This Act provides individuals and organisations with the right to request information held by a public authority. The public authority must tell the applicant whether it holds the information, which it must supply within 20 working days. There are some exemptions to this Act. E.g. If the cost of a request for information exceeds an appropriate limit, the public authority may decide to decline the request because they might opt to serve a greater public interest. If there is a dispute, Commissioner’s Office may investigate and deem whether the information should be released or not.
该法案规定个人和组织有权要求获得公共机构持有的信息。公共机构必须告知申请人是否持有该信息，并必须在20个工作日内提供。该法案有一些豁免条款。例如，如果信息请求的成本超过了适当的限制，公共当局可能会决定拒绝该请求，因为他们可能会选择为更大的公共利益服务。如果存在争议，专员办公室可进行调查，并决定是否应公布信息。
Trinity Communications must treat all requests for information equally, they must consider any information they release as if it was being released to the world at large. Trinity Communications cannot, fail to respond adequately to a request for information, fail to adopt the model publication scheme, fail to publish the correct information, deliberately destroy, hide or alter requested information to prevent it being released. If Trinity Communications fail to adhere with this Act, they would be committing a criminal offence which could land them in prison.
Trinity通信公司必须平等对待所有信息请求，他们必须考虑他们发布的任何信息，就好像它是向全世界发布的一样。Trinity通信公司不能对信息请求做出充分回应，不能采用模型发布方案，不能发布正确的信息，不能故意销毁、隐藏或更改请求的信息以阻止其发布。如果Trinity通信公司不遵守这项法案，他们将触犯刑事犯罪，可能会入狱。
Copyright Act 版权法
Copyright gives the creators of some types of media rights to control how they’re used and distributed. For example, when you buy software, Copyright Act forbids you from: giving a copy to a friend, making a copy and then selling it, using the software on a network (unless the license allows it) and renting the software without permission of the copyright holder.
版权赋予某些类型媒体的创作者控制其使用和分发方式的权利。例如，当你购买软件时，《版权法》禁止你：将副本交给朋友，制作副本然后出售，在网络上使用软件（除非许可证允许），以及在未经版权持有人许可的情况下租用软件。
This Act means that Trinity Communications must have a valid copy of any software they decide to buy. They cannot sell original copies of purchased software to another party; if Trinity Communications fail to do this, fines from £200 – £150,000 for each work infringed and jail time.
该法案意味着Trinity通信公司必须拥有他们决定购买的任何软件的有效副本。他们不能将购买的软件的原始副本出售给另一方；如果Trinity通信公司未能做到这一点，每侵犯一件作品将被处以200英镑至15万英镑的罚款和监禁。
Discrimination Act 歧视法
The Act simplifies, strengthens and harmonises the current legislation to provide Britain with a new discrimination law which protects individuals from unfair treatment and promotes a fair and more equal society.
该法案简化、加强和协调了现行立法，为英国提供了一项新的歧视法，保护个人免受不公平待遇，并促进建立一个公平、更平等的社会。
The nine main pieces of legislation that have merged are:合并后的九项主要立法是
The Equal Pay Act 1970 《同工同酬法》
The Sex Discrimination Act 1975 《性别歧视法》
The Race Relations Act 1976 《种族关系法》
The Disability Discrimination Act 1995 《残疾歧视法》
The Employment Equality (Religion or Belief) Regulations 2003 《就业平等（宗教或信仰）条例》
The Employment Equality (Sexual Orientation) Regulations 2003 《就业平等（性取向）条例》
The Employment Equality (Age) Regulations 2006 《就业平等（年龄）条例》
The Equality Act 2006, Part 2 《平等法》第2部分
The Equality Act (Sexual Orientation) Regulations 2007 《平等法（性取向）条例》
This Act means that Trinity Communications cannot discriminate to anyone in any form or way; this can range from pictures to words and even verbal abuse. They’re not allowed to harass and victimise anyone in the basis of age, disability, gender, race, religion or belief. They must treat everyone equally regardless. If Trinity Communications fail to suffice to this law, they could face time in prison and heavy fine.
该法案意味着Trinity通信公司不能以任何形式或方式歧视任何人；这可以从图片到文字，甚至是辱骂。他们不允许以年龄、残疾、性别、种族、宗教或信仰为由骚扰和伤害任何人。他们必须一视同仁。如果三一通讯公司不能满足这项法律的要求，他们可能会面临牢狱之灾和巨额罚款。
Business Ethics 商业道德
These are moral principles concerning acceptable and unacceptable behaviour by businesses. There are codes of practice in an organisation to maintain business ethics on: the use of emails, internet, whistle-blowing, organisational policies and information ownership. Trinity Communications can’t use email to send large documents/attachments, especially to large numbers of people; this will stop information/personal data from being leaked into the wrong hands. Trinity Communications shouldn’t use emails as a substitute for face-face/telephone communication with colleagues because it is important to maintain a good interpersonal relationship with colleagues.
这些是关于企业可接受和不可接受行为的道德原则。组织中有维护商业道德的行为准则：电子邮件的使用、互联网、举报、组织政策和信息所有权。Trinity通信公司不能使用电子邮件发送大型文件/附件，尤其是对大量人员；这将阻止信息/个人数据泄露到坏人手中。Trinity通信公司不应使用电子邮件代替与同事的面对面/电话交流，因为与同事保持良好的人际关系很重要。
In regards to the internet, there are many codes of practice what Trinity Communications can and cannot use the internet for. There are lots of codes of practice in regards to selling on the internet that Trinity Communications has to follow.
关于互联网，Trinity通信公司可以使用互联网，也不能使用互联网。Trinity通信公司必须遵守许多关于在互联网上销售的行为准则。
Whistle-blowing is an employee who raises concern about a business’s practice, either inside or outside the organisation. The concern may relate to fraud, crime, danger, or any other serious risk that could impact on customers, colleagues, shareholders, the public, the environment or the organisations reputation. Whistle-blowers may receive legal protection through the Public Interest Disclosure Act.
告密是指员工对企业内部或外部的行为表示担忧。该问题可能涉及欺诈、犯罪、危险或任何其他可能影响客户、同事、股东、公众、环境或组织声誉的严重风险。举报人可以通过《公共利益披露法》获得法律保护。
Organisations may have many policies to ensure that their businesses practices with regard to information can be done more ethically. This could be anything from how they manage information to ensuring marketing and other business practices are fair and just.
组织可能有许多政策来确保其在信息方面的业务实践能够更加合乎道德。这可以是从他们如何管理信息到确保营销和其他商业实践公平公正的任何内容。
Information Ownership is simple – if you create information in your day-to-day work, then you should be responsible for it. E.g. writing a report following a member of staff’s annual review. This report is confidential to some degree and should only be viewed by a select group of people. Trinity Communications can’t show this information to anyone outside the selected group. As the information owner, Trinity Communications would be responsible for protecting this document to an appropriate degree.
信息所有权很简单——如果你在日常工作中创建信息，那么你就应该对此负责。例如，在员工年度审查后写一份报告。本报告在一定程度上是保密的，只能由选定的一群人查看。Trinity Communications无法将此信息显示给所选组之外的任何人。作为信息所有者，Trinity通信公司将负责在适当程度上保护本文件。
Organisations have to store and manage countless pieces of information, some being far more important than others. At the heart of any information systems are two fundamental issues ensuring that: the organisation receives the information it requires and the appropriate member(s) of staff receive the information.
组织必须存储和管理无数条信息，其中一些信息比其他信息重要得多。任何信息系统的核心都是两个基本问题，以确保：组织收到所需信息，适当的员工收到信息。
To make sure that information is managed appropriately, a number of procedures and policies have to be put in place, concerning: security of information, backups, health and safety, organisational policies and business continuance plans.
为了确保信息得到适当管理，必须制定一系列程序和政策，涉及：信息安全、备份、健康和安全、组织政策和业务连续性计划。
Security Information 安全信息
Much information security management focuses upon digital data; however, the subject also covers records and knowledge management. It is important for businesses like Trinity Communications to have the right information available as and when they need it, in order to make good business decisions. For this reason, many companies keep their information on IT systems, but as reliance on technology increases, so does the risk posed by system failure and malicious attacks e.g. viruses. The IT security policy should take into account the common risks to the information that their business relies upon. This policy might include secure login identification for using IT systems and controls that limit access to information.
许多信息安全管理侧重于数字数据；然而，该学科也涵盖了记录和知识管理。对于Trinity通信公司这样的企业来说，重要的是在需要时提供正确的信息，以便做出良好的商业决策。出于这个原因，许多公司将信息保存在IT系统上，但随着对技术的依赖增加，系统故障和恶意攻击（如病毒）带来的风险也会增加。IT安全策略应考虑到其业务所依赖的信息的常见风险。此策略可能包括使用IT系统的安全登录标识和限制信息访问的控制。
Backups 备份
Large businesses have developed business continuity programmes to try and minimise the risk of losing vital business information stored on IT servers. For Trinity Communications this should involve producing backups of information stored on the servers – some companies will create a backup every hour, while others will do this less frequently. This means that if live information is destroyed or damaged, a copy of this will be available on the backup services enabling a company to continue with as little disruption as possible. Backups are normally stored on separate hardware from the live versions of the information to ensure they’re protected. This means that if the live version corrupts, the backup data won’t corrupt along with it.
大型企业已经制定了业务连续性计划，试图将存储在IT服务器上的重要业务信息丢失的风险降至最低。对于Trinity通信公司来说，这应该包括对存储在服务器上的信息进行备份——一些公司将每小时创建一次备份，而另一些公司则不那么频繁。这意味着，如果实时信息被破坏或损坏，备份服务将提供一份副本，使公司能够在尽可能少的中断下继续运营。备份通常存储在独立于实时版本信息的硬件上，以确保它们受到保护。这意味着，如果实时版本损坏，备份数据不会随之损坏。
Health and Safety 健康与安全
It is very unlikely that computer equipment will be dangerous in itself; it can be used in ways that can be hazardous to the health of staff. Many office workers spend a lot of their time working at their desk, on a computer. Bad posture, incorrect positioning of equipment and susceptibility to repetitive strain injury are health and safety risks that employers like Trinity Communications are required to take seriously. The health and safety, management of health and safety at work regulations, provision and use of work equipment regulations and the work place legislations act all legislate to the use of computer equipment and Trinity Communications will have to take these seriously or face penalties. Employers need to carry out regular workstation assessments to make sure that computer screens are at the right level etc. If an employer suffers from repetitive strain injury, they may be provided with ergonomic equipment.
计算机设备本身不太可能是危险的；它的使用方式可能会危害员工的健康。许多上班族把很多时间花在办公桌前、电脑上。不良姿势、设备定位错误以及易受重复性劳损是Trinity通信公司等雇主必须认真对待的健康和安全风险。健康与安全、工作健康与安全管理条例、工作设备的提供和使用条例以及工作场所立法法案都对计算机设备的使用进行了立法，Trinity通信公司必须认真对待这些问题，否则将面临处罚。雇主需要定期进行工作站评估，以确保计算机屏幕处于正确的水平等。如果雇主遭受重复性劳损，可以为他们提供符合人体工程学的设备。
Organisational Policies 组织政策
Organisational policies that relate to the use of business information can help make sure that decisions affecting staff: are understandable and consistent, meet the legal requirements, take full account of their impact and contribute to productive working relationships. These policies help Trinity Communications help make sure that staff has guidance to help them comply with legislation – e.g. usage of customer data should work with the requirements of the Data Protection Act. These policies also make sure that Trinity Communications make consistent decisions which are important in internal communications.
与业务信息使用相关的组织政策有助于确保影响员工的决策：可理解且一致，符合法律要求，充分考虑其影响，并有助于建立富有成效的工作关系。这些政策有助于Trinity Communications确保员工有指导，帮助他们遵守法律——例如，客户数据的使用应符合《数据保护法》的要求。这些政策还确保Trinity通信公司做出一致的决策，这在内部沟通中很重要。
Business Continuance Plans业务连续性计划
These are steps that a company like Trinity Communications puts in place to make sure it is capable of surviving a worst-case scenario. One step in this programme might include making regular backups of its information. The business might consider environmental factors like accidents or natural disasters like flooding or fire. As a result of this plan, employees may need to change the way they work – for example, storing information on a central server rather than on their personal hard drive.
这些都是Trinity通信公司这样的公司采取的措施，以确保其能够在最坏的情况下生存下来。该方案的一个步骤可能包括定期备份其信息。企业可能会考虑事故或洪水或火灾等自然灾害等环境因素。由于这一计划，员工可能需要改变工作方式——例如，将信息存储在中央服务器上，而不是个人硬盘上。
Costs 成本
Most businesses would see the benefit of implementing some, if not all of the measures listed. However, many aspects of information management can cost money, for example, while it may be desirable to store backup copies of electronic information on a remote server, a small business might not be able to afford this. When deciding what policies to adopt and measures to take, Trinity Communications need to consider the implementation and maintenance costs versus the benefits to the organisation. Some key considerations are: additional resources needed (would the business need to purchase new equipment or employ additional staff) and cost of the development (is there a solution already available or will the company need to develop it themselves, e.g. as an off the shelf product or a service). There are many consequences of increasing reliance on technology and increasing the complexity of that technology is that employees need to be trained to use the equipment and software required to do their job; this will increase the costs of increasing sophistication.
大多数企业都会看到实施所列部分（如果不是全部）措施的好处。然而，信息管理的许多方面可能会花钱，例如，虽然可能希望将电子信息的备份副本存储在远程服务器上，但小企业可能负担不起。在决定采取什么政策和采取什么措施时，Trinity通信公司需要考虑实施和维护成本与对组织的好处。一些关键考虑因素是：需要额外的资源（企业是否需要购买新设备或雇佣额外的员工）和开发成本（是否已经有解决方案，或者公司是否需要自己开发，例如作为现成的产品或服务）。对技术的日益依赖和技术复杂性的增加带来了许多后果，即需要对员工进行培训，使其能够使用工作所需的设备和软件；这将增加日益复杂的成本。本站提供各国各专业留学生作业范文以及作业代写，作业写作辅导服务，如有需要可咨询本平台。