留学作业代写-社会规范与合规性。本文是一篇留学生作业写作范文。主要内容是讲述调整一个人的行为或信仰以适应一个群体，这就是所谓的一致性。根据心理学家Solomon Asch的说法，人们要么认为另一组人更有知识，要么只是想被人喜欢。克尔曼确定了三种类型的合规性：识别、内部化和合规性。与此相反的是男性，他们拒绝随波逐流，自由行动。所选文章分别由Solomon Asch和Janney、Mallory、Rossito和Simon撰写。一下就是这篇留学生作业的具体内容，供参考。
Introduction 引言
Adapting one’s behavior or beliefs in order to fit in with a group is known as conformity. According to psychologist Solomon Asch, people either believe that the other group is more knowledgeable or that they simply want to be liked (1951). Kelman identifies three types of conformance: identification, internalization, and compliance (1958). The opposite of this is true for men, who refuse to follow the herd, and act on their own accord (Swim et al., 2020). The articles chosen are that by Solomon Asch (Asch. A. E, 1951), and that by Janney, Mallory, Rossitto, and Simon (Janney. F, Mallory. S, Rossitto. R, Simon. J, 1969).
Participants 参与者
An 8-year-old boy from Asia, a 24-year-old Asian woman, a 25-year-old white woman, and a 48-year-old Asian man are the subjects of this study, which involves them standing in the street and staring up at the sky on alternate days. A number of these unrelated variables will be altered to see what effect they have. Parents and students will be the dependent variables. It is our hope that by increasing the number of independent variables, we will be able to ascertain how many parents and students are also staring up at the sky. Asch task conformity was as a result of age. Psychological Review, 136(3): 367-372. According to Solomon Asch’s social conformity paradigm, age and social conformity are linked in this article. There were 110 Australian students and adolescents aged 3-17 years old who participated in the research study.
一名来自亚洲的8岁男孩、一名24岁的亚裔女性、一名25岁的白人女性和一名48岁的亚裔男性是这项研究的对象，他们每隔一天就站在街上仰望天空。许多这些不相关的变量将被改变，看看它们有什么影响。父母和学生将是因变量。我们希望通过增加自变量的数量，我们能够确定有多少家长和学生也在仰望天空。任务一致性是年龄的结果。根据Solomon Asch的社会整合范式，本文将年龄和社会整合联系起来。有110名3-17岁的澳大利亚学生和青少年参与了这项研究。
Design 设计
Effects of group pressure on the adjustment and disruption of judgments, Asch, S. E. (1951), p. Men, groups, and leadership, edited by H. Guetzkow. The Carnegie Press, 177-190, Pittsburg, Pennsylvania If rewards have an effect on the conformity of a minority, this study investigated it. Half of the 40 male participants were informed that they would be rewarded individually, while the other half were told that they would be rewarded in groups. No minority conformed to the majority when it came to group reward groups, whereas the majority of group members did. It’s been a long time since we’ve seen a study like this one come out of such a well-respected academic journal (1969). Race and age influence conformity. 25(2): 591-597 (Psychological Reports). 16 white and 16 black males, ages 7 and 11, are studied in the same and opposite racial groups in this study. In the study, it was found that conformity was not determined by race, but rather by age. As people aged, their ability to conform decreased.
群体压力对调整和破坏判断的影响，宾夕法尼亚州匹兹堡如果奖励对少数群体的一致性有影响，这项研究对此进行了调查。40名男性参与者中有一半被告知他们将获得单独奖励，而另一半则被告知他们会获得团体奖励。在团体奖励团体中，没有少数人服从多数人，而大多数团体成员服从多数人。很长一段时间以来，我们都没有看到像这样的研究出自如此受人尊敬的学术期刊。种族和年龄影响一致性。在这项研究中，16名白人和16名黑人男性，年龄分别为7岁和11岁，在相同和相反的种族群体中进行了研究。在这项研究中，发现从众性不是由种族决定的，而是由年龄决定的。随着年龄的增长，人们的顺应能力下降。
Conclusion 结论
Key findings. 关键发现
From the two studies carried out on race and age and how they were used as a factor in conformity, some of the findings from the first study on race can be summarized as follows; Asians were found to be more conformist than whites. The females in the research were found to be more conformist that males, the confidence levels in the white people was higher than that in Asian people, and also as the number of white people increased, the whites and Asians in the study became more conformist. On the research on age, some of the findings were that there were more children aged seven who conformed than those aged eleven. The conformity rate amongst the children decreased with age, and also that race was not a factor in this study. These findings also indicate that conformity depended on how much approval the participants got, their urge to maintain a good self-concept, as well as a desire to be right about what people were doing. The findings of the study of race also indicated that face attractiveness was important in the social setting, in terms of normative influence.
从两项关于种族和年龄的研究以及它们如何被用作一致性的因素来看，第一项关于种族的研究的一些发现可以总结如下：；亚洲人被发现比白人更循规蹈矩。研究发现，研究中的女性比男性更循规蹈矩，白人的信心水平高于亚洲人，而且随着白人人数的增加，研究中白人和亚洲人变得更循规。关于年龄的研究，一些发现是，7岁的儿童比11岁的儿童更符合要求。儿童的符合率随着年龄的增长而降低，而且种族也不是这项研究的一个因素。这些发现还表明，一致性取决于参与者获得的认可程度、他们保持良好自我概念的欲望以及对人们所做事情的正确性。种族研究的结果还表明，从规范影响的角度来看，面部吸引力在社会环境中很重要。
The confidence level being higher in white people more than in the Asian participants can be attributed to perception. The perception of Asian people feeling inferior than white people was a huge factor in the study. Perception also played a huge role in terms of the conformist behavior that was seen in the study, when it came to the comparison between white and Asian participants. Culture was also a factor in the study. In terms of social conformity, males in the Asian culture have a history of non-conformity, and this plays out in the study whereby the percentage of conformity in males is considered to be lower than that in females. On matters age, looking at the study, it can be said that age increase is indirectly proportional to the level of conformity that a participant has. This is seen because as the age of the participants increases, then the rate of social conformity decreases. This is the case for both adults and children who were used in both of the studies as participants.
白人的信心水平高于亚洲参与者，这可以归因于认知。在这项研究中，亚洲人感觉自己不如白人是一个巨大的因素。在研究中观察到的白人和亚裔参与者之间的比较时，感知在循规蹈矩的行为方面也起到了巨大的作用。文化也是这项研究的一个因素。在社会从众方面，亚洲文化中的男性有不从众的历史，这一点在研究中得到了体现，男性的从众比例被认为低于女性。在年龄问题上，看看这项研究，可以说年龄增长与参与者的从众程度间接成正比。这是因为随着参与者年龄的增加，社会认同率降低。这两项研究中的参与者都是成年人和儿童。
Advantages and Limitations.优点和限制
Some of the advantages of the studies were that in the first study on race, the age difference between the participants was considered, and this helped in enabling the accuracy of the results. In the second study on age, two variables were used, that of age and race, and this helped in coming up with an accurate conclusion.
这些研究的一些优点是，在第一项关于种族的研究中，考虑了参与者之间的年龄差异，这有助于提高结果的准确性。在第二项关于年龄的研究中，使用了两个变量，即年龄和种族，这有助于得出准确的结论。
On the disadvantages of the study, on the study on race, only two races were used and thus it would be difficult for the result to be acceptable. The use of other races like blacks and Latinos would have made the study more accurate. In the second study, the same limitations were observed whereby the participants used only two races, and also the age used in the participants was not broad.
关于研究的缺点，关于种族的研究，只使用了两个种族，因此结果很难被接受。如果使用黑人和拉丁裔等其他种族，这项研究会更加准确。在第二项研究中，观察到了同样的限制，即参与者只使用两种种族，而且参与者使用的年龄也不宽。
The reliability of the studies was average. This was because on one hand, there was a correct way in which the participants were chosen, but more would have been done it terms of diversifying the races to ensure that the reliability was high. While in the first study only Asians were used as an alternative to the White participants, the participation of black participants would have also been important for the study in terms of diversity. This can be said for both of the studies used in the essay.
Works Cited 引用文献
Asch, S. E. (1951). Effects of group pressure upon the modification and distortion of judgments. In H. Guetzkow (Ed.), Groups, leadership and men. Pittsburg, PA: Carnegie Press, 177-190.
Janney, F., Mallory, S., Rossitto, R., & Simon, J. (1969). Conformity as a function of race and age. Psychological Reports, 25(2), 591-597.
Kelman, H. C. (1958). Compliance, identification, and internalization three processes of attitude change. Journal of conflict resolution, 2(1), 51-60.
Swim, J. K., Gillis, A. J., & Hamaty, K. J. (2020). Gender bending and gender conformity: The social consequences of engaging in feminine and masculine pro-environmental behaviors. Sex Roles, 82(5-6), 363-385. Walker, M. B., & Andrade, M. G. (1996). Conformity in the Asch task as a function of age. The Journal of social psychology, 136(3), 367-372.
Klucharev. V, Hytönen. K, Rijpkema. M, Smidts. A, Fernandez. G (2009), Reinforcement learning signal predicts social conformity. Neuron, 61(1), 140-151.
研究的可靠性一般。这是因为一方面，有一种正确的方式来选择参赛者，但在使比赛多样化以确保可靠性方面，会做得更多。虽然在第一项研究中，只有亚洲人被用作白人参与者的替代品，但黑人参与者的参与对于研究的多样性也很重要。这对本文中使用的两项研究都是如此。本站提供各国各专业留学作业代写或写作指导服务，如有需要可咨询本平台。