Chapter One Introduction
1.1 Background of the Study
Some countries in the world have two or more official languages, although otfiercountries just use one official language, they use many languages in the same time,this phraomenon is quite common. For China, it has 56 ethnic groups, each notion hasits own languages system. In northwest, northeast and southwest of China, mangethnic and Han live long and together, which can form bilingual people and bilingualcommunity using both Chinese and otiher languagesBilingual or multilingual use one language without using other language in theprocess of conversation, this phenomenon is caused by some social and psychologicalfactcHS. Due to the different social system, history, culture, customs and habits, thesame social factors can cause different impacts for different language community orlanguage variations. People will choose the proper language or dialect to make thecommunication more smooth and successful in daily life.Code, code-switching and code-mixing are always been the study focus forlinguistics especially for sociolinguistics. Code-switching as an realization form ofdaily communication has become frequently appearing phenomenon in variouslanguage forms for various countries. The production of code-switching is closelyrelated with factors of social culture, people's cognition, psychology, communicativepurposes and context. In the process of commumcation, especially in the interactivespeech or review, we often find that language speaker use or crossly use twolanguages for some reasons. Code-switching has become an important research topicin many disciplines, such as sociology, psychology，linguistics, pedagogy. Domesticand foreign scholars carry on lots of deep research through different method and hasmade a great deal of progress and achievements.This thesis intends to analyze the case from pragmatic perspectives, reveals thefeatures, motives and functions of this phenomenon.
1.2 Objectives of the Study
Currently it is widely accepted that，English is the most widely used in theworld's second language. It is an medium of communication for many internationaloccasions. That is to say the English play an important role in international interaction.No other languages have more speakers than English.We speak and study English from primary school. As a English major, thefrequency of writing English is much higher than Chinese's frequency. Englisheducation has been popularized widely in china for many years, there are more andmore people who can speak English very well. What's more，we could easily find thephenomenon of code-switching phenomenon happening frequently in daily life.Code-switching study, is so usefiil and widely paid attention to，so we should makegreat efforts to achieve a greater depth and give implication for foture researches .Based on own practice in a foreign company~Ericsson(China) CommunicationCo.LTD (Sweden-invested enterprise, Global 500) for more than one year, wherever,by working with or communicating with many bilinguals or multilinguals, the thesishas its advantages for studying the phenomenon of code-switching.
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Chapter Two Literature Review
2.1 The Terminologies on Code-switching
First, we need understand the concept of “code，、(Auer, 1998:27). "Code, whichis neutral and general, has ded^ve difference fix>m other terms like direct, pidgin andCreole that may arouse emotions to some extent，so it is usually {deferred bysociolinguists for its neutrality."Code is any kind of language or language variety than social linguists refer to. Itis a neutral term, unlike dialect, language, pidgin, Creole, standard language and otherterms with some feelings. About the definition of "code-switching", different linguists focus on differentpoints. At the same conversation, bilingual or multilingual speakers may sometimesuse this language or variant，sometimes use another language or variant. They changconstantly ，this phCTiomenon is called code-switching. We mi^t think,code-switching refers to the phenomenon that language speaker use two or morelanguages or language varieties in one conversation.There are some researchers always define it according to their personal researchpurpose, persona research method and personal knowledge, which of these contributeto the result: we cannot find a uniform concept of code-switching until now.
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2.2 Previous Studies on Code-switching
Research on code-switching only used to be investigated by a small number oflinguists in the 1950s and 1960s. In the beginning, it is just a brink topic andinfluenced by Saussure's Semiotic Theory. These scholars first aware of thephenomenon of discourse of bilinguals, such as Uriel Weinreich( 1953:73) said thatthe perfect bilinguals change language codes from one to another according to thechanging of language context. The important professors in this period are EinarHaugen and Uriel Weinreich, their researches lay theory foundation to study onlanguage contact. Haugen defines the code-switching, and including the situation thatone bilingual introduces a completely different word or code into own discourse. Inearly period, study on language contact thinks code-switching as "languageinterference". However, Labov also confused by code-switching. Myers Scottoninvestigates language using of Africa multilingual community for 10 years, then herecognized that code-switching is a special language phenomenon until 1972. In 1980s，scholars try to find the more general limitations, mainly involved incode-switching of word class. Most of scholars regard code-switching as skillfulbehavior with social motives in this period, such as Gumperz and Heller. Auer, Pstates the discourse function of code-switching. Myers Scotton also informs socialmotives of code-switching. Besides, Romaine，Appearl, R& Muysken，P make someresearches on code-switching.
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Chapter Three The Theoretical Framework ..........16
3.1 Shana Poplack!s Typology of Code-switching.......... 16
3.2 Code-Switching Research on Pragmatic Perspectives.......... 16
3.2.1 J ef V erschueres Adaptation Theory of Code-switching.......... 17
3.2.2 Yu Guodong's Pragmatic Theory of Code-switching ..........18
Chapter Four Research and Methodology.......... 19
4.1 Data Collection ..........19
4.2 Methodology Used for Collecting Data.......... 20
Chapter Five Data Presentation and Analysis.......... 21
5.1. The Introduction on the Code-switching Used in FIEs.......... 21
5.2 The Structures of Code-switching in FIEs..........22
5.3 The Motivations of Code-switching Used in FIEs.......... 24
5.4 The Features and Functions of Code-switching Used in FIEs.......... 31
Chapter Five Data Presentation andAnalysis
5.1. The Introduction on the Code-switching Used in FIEs.
In terms of settings, FIE employees do more Qiinese-English code-switching inthe office than in public and at home, and when the topic is work-related than they dowhen the topic is privacy-related, so I will analyze the code-switching in theirworking by take the examples that extract from the white-collars' working andcominunication tools-the most frequently used ones are Microsoft lync and Officeoutlook. Why I didn't choose the oral code-switching? It is hard to collect andanalyze objectively how many code-switching cases in oral communication ofwhite-collars have actually been kept arbitrary. So the data source is from the workingtools used by white-collars in FIEs.Microsoft Lync is a instant messaging client, as its expansion characteristicsmainly to corporations，it becomes a enterprise software especially in FIEs. Officeoutlook is a high-commercial software that help you keep track of others and personalemails administotive tool or calendar software. These two softwares are the mostimportant communication tools in FIEs. Chinese-English code-switching can be foundeverywhere when white-collars coimniinicating with others by using them. As thecommunication tools used commonly in FIEs，the code-switching will be typical andrepresentative. Most of the data are derived from this field collection was carried outby the author herself，who is bilingual in Chinese and English，and has 7 months ofworking experience in one FIEs.
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Conclusion
Nowdays the national economic and political communication are more and morefrequently and closely, people are willing to use more effective means in internationalcommunication and work. The code-switching is not only the research object or ?linguistic phenomenon in linguistics class but also as a communicative strategy indaily life conversation. This thesis mainly studied the definition of code-switching, itsdescriptions, and its functions.Code-switching, as introduced earlier, is a linguistic phenomenon languagespeakers alternately use of two or more language codes in the same languagediscourse. In monolingual, bilingual or multilingual environment, code-switching is acommon and complicated phenomenon. The paper focus on the practical utilizing inworking of employees in FIEs under the theory frame of Shana Poplack's typology ofcode-switching and pragmatic theory . And the author analyzed the code-switching byadopting Yu Guodong's adaptation theory under the theory frame of Verschueren'scode-switching in employees' conversation in FIEs. In the beginning of this thesis, theauthor demonstrate the definition of code-switching, its explanation and its types.Actually, from the 1970s, many linguists have made a great deal of studies oncode-switching from the socialinguistics, grammar, discourse analysis,psycholinguistics and pragmatic perspectives. The thesis focused on the practicalutilizing in working of white-collars in FIEs under the theory frame of ShanaPoplack’s typology of code-switching and pragmatic theory . And the author analyzedthe code-switching by adopting Yu Guodong's adaptation theory under the base ofVerschueren's code-switching theory in white-collars' conversation in FIEs.
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Reference (omitted)