留学生会计论文范文：Analysis on the new asset impairment accounting problems and Countermeasures
Abstract: asset impairment accounting processing problems, not only in relation to the enterprise and the state, the enterprise and enterprise's interests, but also directly relates to the shareholders and the management of conflict of interest, these contradictions have a direct impact on the asset impairment accounting standards implementation effect. Enterprise real assets depreciation, is a technical problem, depend on the fair value of the research; and more important on the other hand is the corporate governance structure and management of the credit problem, it depends on the entire community, enterprises and the vast majority of accounting personnel to improve their qualities and the relevant departments to carry out effective supervision and management of.
Key words: impairment of assets; confirmation; internal control system; evaluation system
One, the new asset impairment accounting problems
The new accounting standards is with our country national condition at the same time fully compatible with the international convergence of accounting standards. With the new asset impairment accounting practice, large amount of theoretical study, the problems gradually displayed. At present, in China's new accounting standards in the specific provisions for impairment of assets, impairment of assets accounting is facing the following problems:
( a ) the assets for impairment of the basis is difficult to determine
Impairment of assets in accounting practice, some enterprises on the basis of single item assets and estimate of the expected future cash flow is very difficult situation, and the introduction of" property group" concept. With respect to our country enterprise management current situation of listed companies and regulatory mechanism, asset group belongs to the new concept, introducing asset group concept will face a series of difficulties. One is the concepts using, need to have corresponding cash flow budget level of management. Most of the listed companies without the establishment of long-term cash flow practice, management and accounting personnel of the cash flow to calculate the general lack of experience. Two dimensions of our country enterprise is not universal, small and medium enterprises, in recognition of an asset group will still face a lot of difficulties. From our country actual enterprise management level, the new guidelines for asset group shall be the enterprise to get well with relatively large degree of difficulty.
( two) on the impairment of assets back to the issue
Asset impairment provision shall be in line with China after, to curb financial false information principle, but with the new guidelines in the universal application of the fair value of some of the contradictions, so that the whole standard system seem incongruous. If from the guard company fraud purposes, this regulation is understandable, but from the accounting perspective, this approach lacks theoretical basis and maneuverability. Accounting major is faced with cannot reflect the asset condition problem. Provision for impairment of assets in order to meet the requirements of the relevance of accounting information, so that the adjusted value of the assets more accord with objective and actual, but if the impairment of recovery when not to have provision for impairment, also cannot reflect the real situation of assets.
( three) the larger professional judgment scope affects the reliability of information
Provision for impairment of assets is the key to determine the expected future economic benefits. China is using the economic standards, as long as the asset impairment, i.e. when the recoverable amount of an asset below book value, will be recognized, however, to confirm the recoverable amount of the asset is a difficulty. Is our country current asset price information, market mechanism is not perfect, make provision for impairment of assets based on the lack of. Two is fixed assets, intangible assets are accounted for, the technology updates, market prices and other reasons, will depreciate in value, the confirmation and measurement of far beyond the accounting personnel professional ability, the need for multiple cooperative sector that, even the enterprise external professional assessment agencies can be found. Not only difficult, and time lags behind the disclosure of accounting information in time.
In the use of the new accounting standards on assets impairment during processing, still faces many problems. For example, the provision for impairment of the specific method to be clear, the current standard method looks very reasonable, but in China it is very difficult to operate; expected future cash flow of the asset is a content will make the accountant is struggling to cope with, also may be formed of accounting error. Therefore in practice still needs to be further explored.
In two, the new asset impairment accounting problems countermeasures
The high quality accounting standards, as investors can provide useful information, and whether it can meet this target, depends not only on the criterion itself quality, still depend on whether guidelines to adapt with the environment. The new asset impairment accounting problems countermeasures and suggestions from the following aspects to explore.
( a ) to further improve the information market and asset price market
From our country current market environment, market factors on the optimal allocation of resources to play a limited role, state-owned capital flow is to a certain extent by the national limit. At the same time, our country's current information market development in a considerable proportion of the information service industry is belonging to government departments, with obvious administrative color, each according to the sphere of influence, bring the administrative monopoly of information, mutual blockade causes serious waste of resources of repeated information, coupled with the legal system construction and the weakening of market norms, leading to the current our country still cannot at regular timely publication of various assets new market target. Through the information, market and perfecting the evaluation system of enterprise assets, the fair value of each asset and market are fair and reasonable determination and open, so that the company's assets impairment accounting rules, embody the principle of fairness, and increase its maneuverability, fairness and objectivity.
( two) the perfect market mechanism and management system
Traditionally, our country pays more attention to the reliability of accounting information, and improve the relevance of accounting for impairment of assets, relatively reduced reliability. However, instead of making false statements to the foam filled with assets, prosperity, as removing moisture is reliable, true, this also accords with the substance over form the fundamental accounting principles. From this perspective, the asset impairment accounting is an effective method to improve the reliability of information.
Accounting control not only has the corporate accounting behavior norms, to ensure that accounting information true, complete, prevent and timely discovery, correct mistake and fraud action effects, more important is to improve the modern enterprise management level, to achieve business target has important role. The new accounting standards on" provision of inventory"," fixed assets cheapens preparation"," in build a project to cheapen preparation" and" intangible assets cheapens preparation", begin from 2007 plan after carrying cannot rush, only the disposition of related assets, and accounting treatment.
( three) the development of assets appraisal industry, the establishment of national assets evaluation system
Assets assessment system is perfect, can make the enterprise of the fair value of each asset and market are fair and reasonable determination and open, make provision for impairment of assets has. To develop the assets evaluation, the establishment of national assets evaluation system, must establish perfect assessing industry laws and regulations and standards system, establish and improve the assets assessment institutions to practice quality control system, cultivate a adapt to market economy and the development of the industry, with market competitiveness of the asset appraisal institution and good quality of the logon Assets Appraisal teacher occupation team.
The era of knowledge economy due to the upgrading of technology accelerate, of knowledge update cycle becoming shorter and shorter, thus any knowledge is only temporary, in intellectual economy or transfers to intellectual economy times, obtain new knowledge and new skills into the personal development of the capital. Assessment of industry has intelligence concentrated model characteristic, which determines the asset evaluation is with factitious center, taking knowledge as a fundamental industry, to the knowledge renewal and change is more sensitive, more attention.
( four) give full play to the role of audit
The new accounting standards system of announcement and implementation, also on the auditing work put forward higher requirements. CPA audit can say is to prevent accounting fraud in the last line of defense, therefore, registered accountants should be proper occupation cautious attitude and expertise to plan and perform the audit, to obtain sufficient, appropriate audit evidence, the audit authorities for the provision for impairment of assets is reasonable, disclosed is sufficient. When the CPA based on the audit evidence is estimated by the impairment of assets and the auditees accounting statement shows differences, should judge difference whether reasonable, such that the difference is not reasonable, the CPA should be brought to the auditees adjustment. The CPA audit check enterprise by accounting for the impairment of asset profit manipulation, to ensure the quality of accounting information.
( five) timely disclosure of assets impairment accounting
留学生会计英文论文Relating to the decreasing value of assets and asset impairment losses, the shareholders, creditors and other information. Information asymmetry makes the partner of the enterprise hard accurate, timely understanding of the value of assets and its status. In order to solve the information asymmetry arising from the adverse effects of, the partner of the enterprise needs this information; the creditor is also of particular interest assets to current status, such as a pledge of assets value, once the assets impairment, will immediately affect the solvency, corporate solvency decline, this work is very sensitive to the creditor. Enterprise management authorities to take this information can be fully aware of the bad assets of the enterprise, make timely decision-making, timely treatment does not bring for the enterprise benefit completely obsolete, partially obsolete or obsolescent assets, to continue to use or sell other assets before buying decision. In short, the impairment of assets information disclosure and accounting statements of information users are compatible, both existing and potential investors and creditors, the operator and other information users.
On the accounting information users, in general need the following several aspects of the impairment of assets impairment of assets information:/ the existing value and its specific situation; asset impairment influences the profit or loss for the current period and the rights and interests of the owners and their specific circumstances : a cause of impairment of assets and the reasons for the confirmation and the measurement of assets; the basis; management on the impairment of assets disposal attitude. This information should be disclosed by mandatory to meet at least one user making a request.