美国History Essay代写范文-美国革命有多激进？本文是一篇由本站代写服务提供的美国留学生历史学essay代写范文，主要内容讲述美国革命被视为18世纪的一个关键事件，因为这是英国控制的殖民地首次成功宣布独立。本篇essay提出历史学家一直在争论革命是激进的还是保守的。Graham Wood在他的《美国革命的激进主义》一书中写道，“我们用实际发生的社会变革的数量来衡量激进主义——将人们彼此联系在一起的关系的转变——然后美国革命一点也不保守，它是激进的”，因为美国革命对现有的社会结构提出了质疑然后从根本上带来了平等的思想。然而，美国革命本可以是保守的，因为他们想保护美国人的权利和财产不受政府的侵犯。本篇essay探讨了美国革命是激进的还是保守的政治、社会和经济方面。下面就一起来看一下这篇美国History Essay代写范文的具体内容。
The American Revolution was seen as a crucial event in the 18th century as it was the first time where a colony that Britain controlled was able to successfully declare independence. Historians have been debating whether the Revolution was radical or whether it was conservative. Graham Wood writes in his book The Radicalism of the American Revolution the “we measure the radicalism by the amount of social change that actually took place- the transformations in the relationships that bound people to each other- then the American Revolution was not conservative at all… it was radical”[1] due to the fact that the American Revolution disputed existing social structures and then radically brought the idea of equality. However, the American Revolution could have been conservative because they wanted to preserve American rights and the property from the Government. This essay explores the political, social and economic aspects of whether the American Revolution was radical or conservative.
This paragraph explores whether the American Revolution bought radical political change or whether it was conservative. The declaration of Independence underlined many radical ideas whenever any form of government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the right of the people to alter or abolish it, and to institute new government. In addition in 1818, John Adams wrote: “The Revolution was in the minds and hearts of the people; a change in their religious sentiments, of their duties and obligations”.[2] Murray N Rothbard sees the Declaration of Independence as a helpful source to get a clear insight into the revolution. Rothbard felt that if it took such significant period of abuses to persuade the mass of people to throw off their own commitments and to make revolution; then it cannot be possible for the revolution to be conservative.[3] It can be said that politicians may have had radical ideas as the things that the Declaration of Independence was proposing was escaping existing habits and wanting to eradicate anything to do with the British. However, it can be said that not all revolutionaries and politicians did not want complete radical political change. Even though Thomas Jefferson’s Declaration of Independence outlined radical ideas, Jefferson himself did not want complete change as it seen in his letter to Henry Lee in May 1825, “Not to find out new principles, or new arguments, never before thought of, not merely to say things which had never been said before”[4]. This demonstrates how Jefferson did not want completely different ideas that did not represent American culture and tradition which shows a sense of conservatism from Jefferson. Also, the revolution was all about protecting and conserving the American colonist’s rights as they wanted to prevent social mobility so they can be the ones running America when the revolution was over. To add to this after the revolution, even though Britain’s influence in colonies had not completely disappeared, Congress had control of politics in the colonies which is what the American leaders wanted to protect. Taking all of the factors into consideration, in terms of the revolution was conservative in bringing political change as leaders wanted to preserve their own rights so they could lead the country when the revolution ended. However, there were some radical aspects as leaders would use radical quotes such as “All men are created equal”[5], which was said in the Declaration of Independence by Thomas Jefferson, to get their ideas across.
本篇essay这一段探讨了美国革命是促成了激进的政治变革，还是保守的。《独立宣言》强调了许多激进的想法，每当任何形式的政府破坏这些目的时，人民都有权改变或废除它，并建立新政府。此外，在1818年，约翰·亚当斯写道：“革命发生在人民的思想和心中；他们的宗教情感、职责和义务发生了变化”。Murray N Rothbard认为《独立宣言》是一个有助于深入了解革命的来源。Rothbard认为，如果花了这么长的时间才说服广大人民放弃自己的承诺，进行革命；那么革命就不可能保守。可以说，政客们可能有激进的想法，因为《独立宣言》提出的东西是为了摆脱现有的习惯，想要根除与英国人有关的任何东西。然而，可以说，并不是所有的革命者和政治家都不希望彻底的激进政治变革。尽管托马斯·杰斐逊的《独立宣言》概述了激进的思想，但杰斐逊本人并不希望彻底改变，正如他在1825年5月给亨利·李的信中所看到的那样，“不去发现以前从未想过的新原则或新论点，而不仅仅是说以前从未说过的话”。这表明杰斐逊并不想要完全不同的不代表美国文化和传统的思想，这表明了杰斐逊的保守主义意识。此外，这场革命是为了保护和维护美国殖民者的权利，因为他们想阻止社会流动，这样他们就可以在革命结束时成为管理美国的人。此外，革命后，尽管英国在殖民地的影响力尚未完全消失，但国会控制着殖民地的政治，这正是美国领导人想要保护的。考虑到所有因素，就革命而言，在带来政治变革方面是保守的，因为领导人希望维护自己的权利，以便在革命结束时领导国家。然而，也有一些激进的方面，因为领导人会使用激进的名言，如托马斯·杰斐逊在《独立宣言》中所说的“人人生而平等”，来传达他们的想法。
It can be said the American Revolution was radical as it transformed American society into a society with revolutionary and radical thought ready to rise against the abuses of the British. However, there is an argument that the revolution was conservative in a bid to preserve the rights of the Americans. During the Revolution, the revolutionaries used tactics such as revolutionary songs to bring revolutionary spirit among the American people and inspired the people in America to rise up for change as the song mentions, “sprightly youths attend, Leave their sweethearts and risk their lives, Their country to defend.”[6] This shows the revolutionary attitude that was being instilled in American society to a point where they had to leave the people that were most important to them and fight for their rights which demonstrates if the American people were inspired by this song then radical revolution was more important to them than their own relatives. John Franklin Jameson argues due to the American Revolution, “The relations of social classes to each other, the institution of slavery, the system of land-holding… the forms and spirit of the intellectual and religious life all felt the transforming hand of the revolution”.[7] Gordon Wood argues that how society “radically and thoroughly transformed” and turned into one “unlike any that had ever existed anywhere in the world,” shows the social outcomes of the American Revolution were far more dramatic than what was imagined. For example, religion changed during the American Revolution as now it was used as a moral sanction to oppose the British as to the American people, the revolution was justified by God whereas before Religion was ignored and there was more of an emphasis on religious freedom. However, not everyone in America wanted to fight a radical revolution and have radical change The planter-merchant class who were the main class leading the revolution did not experience poverty or British oppression and they were not aiming to promote social mobility and they did not want to remove artificial privilege. The merchant class had different aims to the rest of American society as they wanted to prevent Britain from enforcing their rights on American culture and tradition. This shows rather the Revolution taking a radical approach it was more a defensive movement in order to keep the liberties that the Americans enjoyed. Taking the aspects into consideration, it can be said that the American Revolution was radical in bringing about social change as the way American’s would live their lives would never be the same as they now had a revolutionary spirit which made them be viewed differently around the world. However, it can also be said that the merchant class attitudes going into the revolution that they wanted to preserve American tradition and culture suggests that there was not entirely a radical social change.
可以说，美国革命是激进的，因为它将美国社会转变为一个具有革命和激进思想的社会，准备起来反对英国人的虐待。然而，有一种观点认为，为了维护美国人的权利，革命是保守的。革命期间，革命者使用革命歌曲等策略，将革命精神带到美国人民中，并激励美国人民奋起变革，正如歌曲所提到的，“活泼的年轻人参加，离开他们的爱人，冒着生命危险，保卫他们的国家。“本篇essay认为这表明了美国社会灌输的革命态度，以至于他们不得不离开对他们最重要的人，为自己的权利而战，这表明如果美国人民受到这首歌的启发，那么激进革命对他们来说比他们自己的亲人更重要。约翰·富兰克林·詹姆森认为，由于美国革命，“社会阶层之间的关系、奴隶制制度、土地占有制度……知识和宗教生活的形式和精神都感受到了革命的转变之手”。Gordon Wood认为，社会是如何“彻底而彻底地转变”并变成一个“与世界上任何地方都不一样”的社会的，这表明美国革命的社会结果远比想象的要戏剧性。例如，宗教在美国革命期间发生了变化，因为现在它被用作反对英国人和美国人民的道德制裁，革命是上帝为之辩护的，而在宗教被忽视之前，人们更加强调宗教自由。然而，并不是每个美国人都想打一场激进的革命并进行激进的变革。作为领导革命的主要阶层的种植商阶层没有经历过贫困或英国的压迫，他们的目标不是促进社会流动，他们也不想消除人为的特权。商人阶层与美国社会的其他阶层有着不同的目标，因为他们想阻止英国对美国文化和传统行使他们的权利。这表明革命采取了激进的方式——它更多的是一场防御运动，以保持美国人享有的自由。考虑到这些方面，可以说美国革命在带来社会变革方面是激进的，因为美国人的生活方式将永远不会像现在这样，因为他们有一种革命精神，这使他们在世界各地受到不同的看待。然而，也可以说，商人阶级在革命中希望保护美国传统和文化的态度表明，并没有完全发生根本的社会变革。
This paragraph examines whether the American Revolution bought radical economic change or whether it was conservative. Before the initial American Revolution, there were signs of radicalism as when the American people felt threatened they were willing to risk their economic well-being for the sake of liberty. This is seen through the Boston Tea Party where America felt economically threatened by the Tea Act in 1773 so they protested by dumping 342 chests of British tea into the river. Wood argues the Revolution brought radical change in the economy as the revolution, “released powerful entrepreneurial and commercial energies that few realize existed and transformed the economic landscape of the country” [8] This is evident as before the American Revolution there were heavy restrictions on tea, paper and other resources that were introduced by Britain which was Britain’s attempt to increase revenue. However, after the Revolution, the trade restrictions that had previously limited American trade were canceled as Britain’s presence in America was no more which also meant the trade economy in America between the colonies was very successful. Similar to Wood’s view, Clarence L. Ver Steeg also sees Trade as being, “never the same as the result of the Revolution”[9]. In his Journal he continues to argue that the opening up of China for trade was due to the revolution as when Britain was in control of America, that was as an unattainable dream to the Americans. The fact that American colonist had achieved this “unattainable dream” shows there was a radical change in economic life after the Revolution. Also, manufacturing industries continued to expand, particularly in consumer products and military weapons which would strengthen their military defense. This shows the radical change in the economy as the course of trade completely changed leading to American colonist not feeling limited by Britain. However the fact that the elite class wanted to protect their land and their property even though leaders constantly said “All men are created equal”[10] shows the aims of the revolution was to conserve their land and prevent the lower class from attaining it.
这一段考察了美国革命是否促成了激进的经济变革，或者它是否是保守的。在最初的美国革命之前，有激进主义的迹象，因为当美国人民感到威胁时，他们愿意为了自由而冒着经济福祉的风险。这一点可以从波士顿茶中看出，1773年，美国感到受到《茶法》的经济威胁，因此他们向河里倾倒342箱英国茶以示抗议。伍德认为，革命带来了经济的根本变革，“释放了很少有人意识到存在的强大的创业和商业能量，并改变了国家的经济格局”这一点很明显，因为在美国革命之前，对茶有严格的限制，英国为增加收入而引入的纸张和其他资源。然而，革命后，由于英国不再在美国存在，以前限制美国贸易的贸易限制被取消，这也意味着殖民地之间在美国的贸易经济非常成功。与伍德的观点类似，Clarence L.Ver Steeg也认为贸易“与革命的结果不同”。在他的《华尔街日报》中，他继续辩称，中国对贸易的开放是由于革命，就像英国控制美国时一样，这对美国人来说是一个遥不可及的梦想。事实上，美国殖民者实现了这个“遥不可及的梦想”，这表明革命后经济生活发生了根本性的变化。此外，制造业继续扩张，特别是消费品和军事武器，这将加强其军事防御。本篇essay认为这表明经济发生了根本性的变化，因为贸易路线完全改变，导致美国殖民者感觉不受英国的限制。然而，精英阶层希望保护他们的土地和财产，尽管领导人经常说“人人生而平等”，这表明革命的目的是保护他们的领土，防止下层阶级获得土地。
To conclude, the American Revolution was radical to a certain extent as it did not bring a complete change in every aspect of America. In terms of political change, the main aim was to preserve their own traditions and customs and also to stop social mobility from happening to show it was conservative. However, the radical tactics that were used by leaders such as Thomas Jefferson definitely show that there radical aspects in ensuring change. The American Revolution radically transformed American society as social functions in society such as Religion and Education was to change forever as now America were seen as more liberated. In contrast to this, the merchant class still wanted to protect their own traditions that were there before the revolution. The American Revolution definitely transformed the economy as the trade was completely modified as there were no more restrictions which greatly benefitted America.
Bibliography 参考文献
“Founders Online: From John Adams To Hezekiah Niles, 13 February 1818”, Founders.Archives.Gov, 2018 [Accessed 8 December 2018]
Murray N Rothbard, Conceived In Liberty (Auburn, Ala: Mises Inst, 1999).
Wood, Gordon, The Radicalism Of The American Revolution (Knopf Doubleday Publishing, 2011), p. 5
Gould, Neil, The American Revolution: Documents Decoded
Jameson, J. Franklin, The American Revolution Considered As A Social Movement (San Francisco: Papamoa Press, 2017), p. ix
Clarence L. Ver Steeg, Huntington Library Quarterly Vol. 20, No. 4, Early American History Number (Aug. 1957), pp. 361-372 (12 pages)
“Declaration Of Independence: A Transcription”, National Archives, 2018 [Accessed 11 December 2018]
本篇essay总结了美国革命在一定程度上是激进的，因为它并没有给美国的方方面面带来彻底的改变。在政治变革方面，主要目的是保护他们自己的传统和习俗，并阻止社会流动，以表明它是保守的。然而，托马斯·杰斐逊等领导人使用的激进策略无疑表明，确保变革存在激进方面。美国革命从根本上改变了美国社会，因为宗教和教育等社会功能将永远改变，因为现在美国被视为更加解放。与此相反，商人阶层仍然希望保护革命前的传统。美国革命无疑改变了经济，因为贸易完全改变了，因为没有更多的限制，这让美国受益匪浅。本站提供各国各专业essay格式范文，essay代写以及essay写作指导，如有需要可咨询本平台。