MBA Essay范文-商业道德和专业主义的概念。本文是一篇MBA留学essay写作范文，主要内容是讲述变化是日常生活中唯一不变的因素。它见证了从石器时代到文明时代。当变化影响生活时，它也会影响环境和商业。随着变化带来多样性和多样性，商业环境变得极其复杂，从而产生深层次和根本性的方式。基于社会期望的价值观和商业环境的变化已经提醒企业重新调整其优先事项。不断变化的经济、政治、法律和社会环境也促使企业和商人考虑商业道德方法。因此essay提出存在着从利润或财富最大化的目标到实现这些目标的道德手段的范式转变。在过去的150年里，技术和工业革命的到来带来了世界范围内的快速变化。这一时期也以其试图对人类理性和智慧产生不容置疑的信念而闻名。上个世纪见证了智力正在成为社会的基石。快速的变化提高了生活水平，也在社会内外建立了许多合理的关系。下面请参阅这篇MBA Essay写作范文的具体内容。
Introduction 引言
Change is the only constant factor in everyday life. It is witnessed from the Stone Age to civilized age. When change affects life it also affects the environment and business. The business environment becomes extremely complex as change inflicts variety and diversity leading to deep and fundamental ways. Change in the values, environments of business based on the expectation of society has alerted business houses to realign its priorities. The changing economic, political, legal and social environment has also made the business and businessmen to consider the ethical approach to business. Therefore, there is paradigm shift from the goal of maximization of profit or wealth to ethical means to achieve them. The last 150 years have been marked the world over for rapidity of change ushered in by the advent of technology and industrial revolution. This period has also been marked for its attempt to generate unquestioning faith in human reason and intellect. The last century has witnessed that the intellect are becoming the cornerstones of the society. The rapid changes have improved the standard of living, also establishing a lot of sensible relationships in and around the society.
There is a growing realization all over the world that ethics is virtually important for any business and for the progress of any society. Ethics makes for an efficient economy. Ethics is good in itself, ethics and profit go together in the long run and ethics alone can protect the society. An ethically responsible organization is one, which has developed a culture for caring for the people and for the betterment of society as a whole. Ethics has a considerable influence on the economy for efficient and smooth functioning. The government, the laws cannot always resolve certain key problems of the society and business. Ethical behavior enhances the quality of life. An ethically based economy can do wonders in the way of creating wealth or society.
全世界越来越认识到，道德对于任何企业和任何社会的进步都非常重要。道德有助于高效经济。道德本身是好的，从长远来看，道德和利润是相辅相成的，只有道德才能保护社会。一个道德上负责任的组织就是这样一个组织，它发展了一种关心人民和改善整个社会的文化。道德对经济的高效和顺利运行具有相当大的影响。政府、法律不能总是解决社会和商业的某些关键问题。道德行为提高了生活质量。基于道德的经济可以创造财富或社会的奇迹。
The task of business is to optimize the outcome of economic activity. It is the economic environment of business, which is the primary consideration in evaluating the business tactics. The present day economic environment of business is a complex phenomenon. The economic relations with the government, public, society and community influence the trend and structure of economy. People and society are part and parcel of an organization. People want and need to be ethical not only in their private life but also in public. The people are the ultimate sufferers if the affairs of the organization were conducted unethically which are detrimental to the society. Therefore, they have a concern over this. Over the last two decades, there has been a shift in the attitudes of corporate and their executives towards ethics. A silent revolution is in under way in business ethics today. The ideas, beliefs and attitudes associated with the profit ethic are being challenged as never before. The historical idea of the divine right of capital no longer applies. The changes in the values, cultures and customs lead to change, which in turn lead to re-engineering of ethics.
商业的任务是优化经济活动的结果。它是企业的经济环境，是评估企业战略的首要考虑因素。当今的商业经济环境是一个复杂的现象。与政府、公众、社会和社区的经济关系影响着经济的发展趋势和结构。人和社会是组织的一部分。人们不仅在私人生活中，而且在公共场合都需要遵守道德规范。如果该组织的事务是不道德的，对社会有害，那么人民是最终的受害者。因此，他们对此感到担忧。在过去二十年中，企业及其高管对道德的态度发生了转变。今天，一场无声的商业道德革命正在进行。与利润伦理相关的理念、信念和态度正受到前所未有的挑战。资本神权的历史观念不再适用。价值观、文化和习俗的变化导致了变化，进而导致道德的重新设计。
The world of business ethics is quite broad and its tentacles spread into a number of areas in the larger sphere of business society relationship. The social responsibilities of businessmen, for instance, clearly involve ethics and morality. There is always a doubt in the mind of the businessmen about what is and what is not ethical. It is difficult to understand business or business society relationships, without knowledge of the ethics. Business ethics is what society expects from business. Mark Twain once said: ” To be good is noble. To tell people how to be good is even nobler”.
商业道德的世界相当广阔，其触角延伸到商业社会关系的更大领域的许多领域。例如，商人的社会责任显然涉及道德和道德。商人心中总是有一个疑问，什么是道德的，什么是不道德的。如果没有道德知识，很难理解商业或商业社会关系。商业道德是社会对商业的期望。马克·吐温曾说过：“善良是高尚的。告诉人们如何做好人更高尚”。
What is Business ethics?什么是商业道德（商业伦理）？
Ethics is defined as the study of standards of conduct and moral judgment. Ethics is the study of what ought to be, what is the ultimate good and how to achieve it. People have always thought that the primary purpose of business is to serve society. Business must have a social commitment otherwise business cannot enjoy social sanction. It is a study of human actions in respect of being right and wrong. Ethics is an attempt to discover that ought to be. Ethics forms critique of both ultimate values and goals and the means used in trying to achieve them. The history of business ethics displays a growing recognition of the need to examine the social transformations that have impacted organization, management and society. Ethics is a mass of moral principles or sets of values about what conduct ought to be. Ethics is a written or unwritten set of codes or principles governing business or profession. Ethics is a study that constitutes good and bad conduct, including related values. It has to do with fulfilling the relationship with people and society at large. When this applied in a business context, it becomes business ethics. Ethics in business has become one of the most challenging issues confronting the whole business community. Establishing ethical climate is like starting an endless marathon. The first step should be to change unethical behavior. It is an “on going process”. It never stops. Ethics is a contract between the business and the community based upon certain values of principles. An effective program of ethics requires involvement and commitment from all. The constituents should ensure commitment towards ethical behavior at all levels. Ethical consideration and ethical behavior should run thro’ the marrow of the bones and should be carried by the capillaries to all parts. Maximizing return has made a paradigm shift towards to the concept that it should be ethically achieved. Mr.J.R.D. Tata in his own words, ethical values have too often been ignored in recent years in the belief that quicker profits would be result.
伦理学被定义为对行为标准和道德判断的研究。伦理学是研究应该是什么，什么是最终的善，以及如何实现它。人们一直认为商业的首要目的是为社会服务。企业必须有社会承诺，否则企业无法获得社会认可。这是一项关于人类行为是非的研究。伦理学是一种试图发现应该是的东西的尝试。伦理学形成了对终极价值观和目标以及试图实现这些目标的方法的批判。商业道德的历史表明，人们越来越认识到需要审视影响组织、管理和社会的社会变革。伦理是关于行为应该是什么的大量道德原则或价值观。道德是管理商业或职业的一套书面或非书面的准则或原则。伦理学是一项研究，它构成了好的和坏的行为，包括相关的价值观。这与实现与人和整个社会的关系有关。当这在商业环境中应用时，它就变成了商业道德。商业道德已成为整个商业界面临的最具挑战性的问题之一。建立道德氛围就像开始一场无休止的马拉松。第一步应该是改变不道德的行为。这是一个“持续的过程”。它从未停止。道德是企业和社区之间基于某些原则价值观的契约。有效的道德计划需要所有人的参与和承诺。选民应确保对各级道德行为的承诺。道德考虑和道德行为应该贯穿于骨髓，并且应该通过毛细血管传递到各个部位。实现回报最大化已经向道德上实现回报的理念转变。用J.R.D.Tata先生自己的话来说，近年来，道德价值观经常被忽视，因为人们相信利润会更快。
Major attributes of ethics 伦理（道德）的主要属性
Concept : The field of ethics may be conceived as a discipline, science, study or evaluation.
概念：伦理学领域可以被认为是一门学科、科学、研究或评估。
Content : The subject matter of ethics is concerned with what is good or bad, right or wrong.
内容：伦理的主题是关于什么是好的或坏的，对的或错的。
Judgment : Judgment is required to determine whether human action is ethical or not. The judgment concerns the overt act, not the motivations behind it. Behavior and its cause is that what which is judged.
判断：需要判断人类行为是否合乎道德。判决涉及公开的行为，而不是背后的动机。行为及其原因是判断的结果。
Standards : Judgment is based upon standards, which are, of course, values.
标准：判断是基于标准的，当然，标准是价值观。
Values : The final element of ethics therefore, is the set of values and criteria used as standards for judging human conduct.
价值观：因此，道德的最终要素是作为判断人类行为标准的一套价值观和标准。
Need for Ethics 伦理（道德）的需要
Business ethics are very much influenced by social movements, social system and social preferences. No business can survive or grow without social harmony. Individual’s values, however best they may be, are not sufficient to attain the maximum level of ethical performance. Ethics and social responsibility are necessary for the survival because of the highly competitive climate that prevails today. The climate in which business operates has become cold and unfriendly to day as a result of revelations of unethical behavior that have rocked nations and the world. Ethics is crucial for an efficient and smooth operating economy. An ethically based capitalism can do wonders in the way of creating wealth for society. According to economic philosopher, Adam Smith: that our system of capitalism does not work well unless it has the moral co-operation of its participants. Jewish theologian wrote: ” It’s what people do when they all are alone, when one is looking that makes all the difference between civilization and the jungle.” Ethics is important because either government or legislation cannot do everything to protect society. Technology races ahead much faster than the government can regulate. People in an industry often know the dangers in a particular technology better than government regulators who sit at a distance. Ethics is good in itself. Ethics is important to create a smoothly and efficiently running economy. The Bhagavad Gita asks us not consider only the fruits of our actions. It invokes the notion of passionless action. The concept of Gita of doing one’s duty without seeking for the fruits, Manu’s concept of inheriting debts as well as property, the Mauriyan idea of accountability provide a basis for Gandhiji’s belief that politics and business must work hand in hand for the development.
商业道德在很大程度上受到社会运动、社会制度和社会偏好的影响。没有社会和谐，任何企业都无法生存或发展。个人的价值观，无论其多么优秀，都不足以达到道德表现的最高水平。由于当今竞争激烈的气候，道德和社会责任是生存所必需的。由于揭露了震惊各国和世界的不道德行为，今天的商业环境变得冷淡和不友好。道德对于高效、平稳的经济运行至关重要。基于道德的资本主义可以在为社会创造财富方面创造奇迹。根据经济哲学家亚当·斯密的说法：除非我们的资本主义体系得到参与者的道德合作，否则它就不能很好地运作。犹太神学家写道：“正是人们在独处时所做的，当一个人在寻找时，才是文明与丛林之间的区别。”道德很重要，因为政府或立法都不能尽一切努力保护社会。技术进步的速度远远超过政府的监管。一个行业的人往往比坐在远处的政府监管机构更了解特定技术的危险。道德本身就是好的。道德对于创造一个平稳、高效运行的经济非常重要。《薄伽梵歌》要求我们不要只考虑行动的成果。它唤起了无激情行动的概念。吉塔的理念是尽职尽责而不追求成果，马努的理念是继承债务和财产，毛里求斯的问责制理念为甘地认为政治和商业必须携手发展提供了基础。
Factors having impact on ethics 影响伦理（道德）的因素
Ethical considerations vary by class, structure, economic group, industry, professional group and so on. Business ethics has to be on par with the ethical code of the society in which it operates. It is essential that the business adheres to the well-established ethics. The following are the factors that creates the basis to ethical consideration (a) Value, (b) Culture,and (c) Transformation.
道德考量因阶级、结构、经济群体、行业、专业群体等而异。商业道德必须与其所在社会的道德规范保持一致。企业必须遵守公认的道德规范。以下是为道德考量奠定基础的因素：（a）价值，（b）文化，（c）转型。
VALUE 价值
Values are additions or accretions to the image. Values are not fixed. They change. As they undergo change the society and its constituents also have to undergo the process. When the values undergo a change it takes the culture along with it. Values are crucially important factor in business relationships. Values create credibility with the public. It will certainly add value to the concern and create more credibility by being morally responsible and accountable. This creates a confidence in those who are directly and indirectly involved. An organization perceived by the public to be ethically, socially concerned will be honored and respected even those who have no knowledge of its actual functioning. Not only this enhances the credibility within itself but also with its employees. It creates a feeling of oneness among employees having a common goal. For an individual business values derive from multitude of sources, such as mission of business as a social institution, the nation in which business is located, the type of industry in which it is active and the nature. Over a period of time value become institutionalized with regard to business and society. These values perform two important functions. First they form as a guide to business environment. Second, they become strong motivators for people in business. They become the key factor in the system relationship of business with society. Business has certain rights but it also has certain responsibilities to society and in turn society has certain rights and responsibilities in regard to business activity. Value-ethical attitude helps management for better decision-making. The decisions are in the interest of public, society and environment. Ethical decisions are in the interest of public, society and environment. Value added rather based ethical decision-making will make an organization and its decision-maker to look into all aspects of economic, social, politico-legal aspects.
价值是对图像的添加或堆积。价值不是固定的。他们会发生变化。当他们经历变革时，社会及其成员也必须经历这一过程。当价值观发生变化时，文化也随之改变。价值观是商业关系中至关重要的因素。价值观创造了公众的信任。它肯定会增加关注的价值，并通过在道德上负责任和负责任来创造更多的信誉。这给直接和间接参与的人带来了信心。一个被公众认为是道德、社会关注的组织，即使是那些对其实际运作一无所知的人，也会受到尊重和尊重。这不仅提高了公司内部的信誉，也提高了员工的信誉。它在员工中创造了一种具有共同目标的统一感。对于个人而言，商业价值源自多种来源，例如商业作为社会机构的使命、商业所在的国家、商业活动所在的行业类型和性质。随着时间的推移，价值在商业和社会方面变得制度化。这些值执行两个重要功能。首先，它们是商业环境的指南。第二，他们成为商界人士的强大动力。它们成为企业与社会系统关系的关键因素。商业有一定的权利，但也对社会有一定的责任，反过来，社会对商业活动也有一定的权力和责任。价值伦理态度有助于管理层做出更好的决策。这些决定符合公众、社会和环境的利益。道德决策符合公众、社会和环境的利益。增值而非基于道德的决策将使组织及其决策者关注经济、社会、政治和法律方面的所有方面。
CULTURE 文化
Culture is described as human environment of humans. The system aspect of culture is the set of relationship that makes it possible for human beings to create a society to pass the accumulated learning of the species from generation to generation and continue to make the accumulations of learning. Culture refers to activities, thoughts, feelings and artifacts which man acquires as a member of the society. Cultural differences separate the ethical attitude of different people. Much more emphasis is given to building and developing relationship and much less emphasis is given to the abstract concept issues.
文化被描述为人类的人类环境。文化的系统方面是一组关系，它使人类能够创造一个社会，将对物种的积累的学习代代相传，并继续进行学习的积累。文化是指人类作为社会成员所获得的活动、思想、情感和器物。文化差异将不同的人的道德态度区分开来。人们更多地强调建立和发展关系，而对抽象概念问题的重视则少得多。
TRANSFORMATION 转型
Transformation is yet another reason for the change in culture and values. Transformation with regard to communication, viewing, travelling, shopping, working and playing envisage a change in the ethics and ethical practice. These phenomenal growth and development in these areas brought about a social change amongst public, society and business. These have improved the life style and quality of life, which in turn has created a change in the cultural and cultural values bringing out a revolutionary change in the ethical standards. Change is a permanent feature on man’s social life and social system in the form of transformation. The economy as a whole has been through five revolutions in the twentieth century, which have transformed its basic structure and method of functioning.
转型是文化和价值观发生变化的另一个原因。在交流、观看、旅行、购物、工作和娱乐方面的变革，预示着道德和道德实践的改变。这些领域的显著增长和发展为公众、社会和企业带来了社会变革。这些措施改善了生活方式和生活质量，进而改变了文化和文化价值观，带来了道德标准的革命性变化。变革是人类社会生活和社会制度中以变革形式出现的一个永久性特征。整个经济在二十世纪经历了五次革命，改变了其基本结构和运作方式。
IMPORTANCE OF ETHICS 伦理（道德）的重要性
Ethics corresponds to basic human needs. Most people want to be ethical not only in their private lives but also in their business affairs. People want to be part of the organization, because they perceive its purpose and activity to be beneficial to society. The basic ethical needs are probably one of the most cogent reasons for ethical concern on the part of organizations.
道德符合人类的基本需求。大多数人不仅在私生活中，而且在商业事务中都希望遵守道德。人们希望成为组织的一部分，因为他们认为组织的目的和活动对社会有益。基本的道德需求可能是组织关注道德问题的最有力原因之一。
Ethics create credibility with the public. A company perceived by the public to be ethically and socially concerned would be honoured and respected even by those who have no intimate knowledge of its actual working. Gaining the confidence of the community is vital to the business sector. Public opinion is the most powerful force in a democratic society. It is a way of achieving higher standards ethical behavior.
道德创造了公众的信誉。一家被公众视为道德和社会关注的公司，即使是那些对其实际工作一无所知的人，也会受到尊重和尊重。获得社区的信任对商业部门至关重要。民意是民主社会中最强大的力量。这是实现更高标准道德行为的一种方式。
Ethics give management credibility with employees. It provides a common language for aligning a company’s leadership and its people. Ethics when perceived by employees as genuine create common goals, values and language. The management has credibility with its employees because it enjoys credibility with the public. It creates oneness among the employees.
道德规范使管理层在员工中具有公信力。它为协调公司领导层和员工提供了一种通用语言。当员工认为道德是真实的时，就会产生共同的目标、价值观和语言。管理层对员工有信誉，因为它在公众中享有信誉。它创造了员工之间的团结。
Ethics help in better decision-making. Ethical decision made by the company will always be in the interest of the shareholders, stakeholders, public and their employees. This is because respect for ethics will force the management to consider all aspects of a question both economic, social and ethical aspects.
道德有助于更好的决策。公司做出的道德决定将始终符合股东、利益相关者、公众及其员工的利益。这是因为尊重道德将迫使管理层考虑问题的所有方面，包括经济、社会和道德方面。
ETHICS IN MANGEMENT 伦理（道德）的管理
Ethics are principles of conduct used to govern the decision-making and behavior of an individual or group of individuals. Management is concerned with making decisions within an organization. Ethics of the individual or group making decision have significant implications for the organization’s stakeholders, employees, customers, shareholders, suppliers, the government and the public at large. It is important to develop code of ethics for decision-making. A code of ethics is a written document that outlines the principles of conduct to be used in making decisions. Code of ethics is based on philosophical approaches: justice, individual rights and utilitarianism. The principle of justice involves making decisions based on truth, without bias and consistency. The principle of individual rights concerns making decision based on protecting human dignity. The principle of utilitarianism involves making decisions directed towards promoting the greatest number of people. The Laws relating to ethics in business speaks about consumer protection, product safety, shareholders and stakeholders rights and environmental protection. Having a code of ethics with an implementation program is the minimum requirement for reputation of the management. Ethics focus its attention on solving not only the internal problems of the concern but also of the society at large. The economy as a whole has been thro’ five revolutions in the twentieth century, which have transformed its basic structure and method of functioning. First, the organizational revolution led to increase in number, size and power of organizations of all types. Second, the corporate revolution expanded the scale of business enterprise and led to dominate of modern big business corporations. Third, the managerial revolution saw the emergence of a class of professional mangers who took over the active control of large corporation. Fourth, the property revolution separated ownership and management and diffused property rights within the corporation. Finally, the capitalist revolution brought about a change in the moral order of capitalism and greatly enlarged the public role of business and the economic role of government. In this changed socio-economic environment the focus of business ethics is on social responsibility. Social responsibility is a reaction to the goals of the society and the economic, technological, social and political forces that mould the society.
道德是用来管理个人或群体的决策和行为的行为准则。管理层关注的是组织内的决策。个人或团体决策的道德操守对组织的利益相关者、员工、客户、股东、供应商、政府和公众都有重大影响。制定决策道德准则很重要。道德规范是一份书面文件，概述了在决策中使用的行为原则。道德规范基于哲学方法：正义、个人权利和功利主义。公正原则涉及基于真实、没有偏见和一致性做出决定。个人权利原则涉及在保护人的尊严的基础上作出决定。功利主义的原则包括作出决定，以促进最多的人。与商业道德相关的法律涉及消费者保护、产品安全、股东和利益相关者权利以及环境保护。具有实施计划的道德规范是管理层声誉的最低要求。伦理学关注的不仅是解决关注的内部问题，而且是整个社会的问题。整个经济在二十世纪经历了五次革命，改变了其基本结构和运作方式。首先，组织革命导致各类组织的数量、规模和权力增加。第二，企业革命扩大了企业的规模，并导致现代大企业的主导地位。第三，管理革命出现了一批职业经理人，他们接管了大公司的主动控制权。第四，产权革命将所有权和管理权分离，并在公司内部分散产权。最后，资本主义革命改变了资本主义的道德秩序，极大地扩大了企业的公共角色和政府的经济角色。在这种变化的社会经济环境中，商业道德的重点是社会责任。社会责任是对社会目标以及塑造社会的经济、技术、社会和政治力量的反应。
The ethics in the business community is not alienated or any different from the ethics in the society at large. The codes of ethics, legislative changes and the standards will not result in the desired holistic change. It is the mind set of the concerned people which matter most and not the stick that forces compliance with reluctance. Hence, there is an imperative need on the part of the corporate sector and profession to create a higher standard of openness, truthfulness, honesty, clarity, transparency and accuracy to ensure that all the stake holders have the best possible timely information. The corporates in general and professionals in particular must adhere to the highest ethical standards and assume a positive duty to unfold and update equivocally material information.
商业界的道德与整个社会的道德没有任何区别。道德规范、立法变化和标准不会导致所需的整体变化。最重要的是关心的人的心态，而不是迫使他们勉强遵守的棍子。因此，企业部门和专业人士迫切需要建立更高的公开、真实、诚实、清晰、透明和准确标准，以确保所有利益相关者都能获得尽可能及时的信息。一般而言，企业和专业人士必须遵守最高道德标准，并承担积极的责任，披露和更新模棱两可的重要信息。
Institutionalizing Ethics 伦理（道德）制度化
A business that seriously desires to operate in an ethical environment has to institutionalize ethics by drawing up a company policy and code of ethics, familiarizing all concerned at all levels with the code of ethics and ensuring the implementation. Code of ethics is nothing but a blue print of what is going to followed and adopted by the company from then onwards. The company’s ethical code should be printed and circulated to all those who deal with the company, by clearly bringing out what is unethical conduct. The company may appoint ethics committee which offer training within and outside. The duty of the committee is to report periodically to the Board and offer suggestion for the betterment. The committee must also review the code of ethics from time to time keeping pace with the changing environment. Business ethics has to be practiced and preached. Before setting business standards, ethics and morality have to be internalized so that they become a part of the blood stream. If the corporate becomes committed to self-imposed standards of business morality the whole country’s standards could be influenced.
一个真正希望在道德环境中运营的企业必须通过制定公司政策和道德规范，使所有各级相关人员熟悉道德规范并确保实施，从而使道德规范制度化。道德规范不过是公司今后将遵循和采用的蓝图。公司的道德准则应该打印出来，并分发给所有与公司打交道的人，明确指出什么是不道德的行为。公司可以任命道德委员会，在内部和外部提供培训。委员会的职责是定期向董事会报告，并提出改进建议。委员会还必须不时审查道德规范，以适应不断变化的环境。必须实践和宣传商业道德。在制定商业标准之前，道德和道德必须内化，使其成为血流的一部分。如果企业致力于自我强加的商业道德标准，整个国家的标准都可能受到影响。
Development of Program of Ethics 伦理（道德）课程的发展
Merely endorsing a standard code or copying that of another will not suffice. It is important to find out on what topics and areas require guidance.
仅仅认可一个标准代码或复制另一个代码是不够的。了解需要指导的主题和领域非常重要。
Select a prominent personality to endorse the business ethics policy.
选择一个杰出的人物来支持商业道德政策。
Choose a framework, which addresses issues as they affect different constituents or shareholders of the company. The usual ones are: shareholders, employees, customers, suppliers, and local/national community. Some might even include competitors.
选择一个框架，解决影响公司不同组成部分或股东的问题。通常是：股东、员工、客户、供应商和当地/国家社区。有些甚至可能包括竞争对手。
The code needs piloting – perhaps with a sample drawn from all levels from different locations.
该规范需要试用——也许可以从不同位置的所有级别抽取样本。
The code of conduct framed should be distributed in booklet form.
行为守则应以小册子的形式分发。
Publish and send the code to all concerned.
发布行为规范并将其发送给所有相关人员。
Values and ethics are matters of governance. The board must be notified to involve themselves for ethical policing.
价值观和道德是治理的问题。必须通知董事会参与道德监督。
Practical examples of the code in action should be introduced into all areas.
应在所有领域引入行动守则的实例。
Training for all concerned.
所有相关人员的培训。
Review mechanism should be established.
应建立审查机制。
A code master needs to be appointed.
需要指定一名行为规范管理员。
facets of business ethics 商业伦理（道德）的各个方面
Stakeholder/Shareholders or other providers of money 利益相关者/股东或其他资金提供者
Transparency and openness in all dealings. Providing adequate information to the shareholders/stakeholders. The investment protection and ‘return’ on investment.
所有交易的透明度和公开性。向股东/利益相关者提供充分信息。投资保护和投资回报。
Employees 员工
How the business values employees ? The company’s policies on: working conditions, recruitment, development and training, rewards, health, safety & security, equal opportunities, retirement, redundancy, discrimination and harassment.
企业如何重视员工？公司在以下方面的政策：工作条件、招聘、发展和培训、奖励、健康、安全和保障、平等机会、退休、裁员、歧视和骚扰。
Customer Relations 客户关系
Customer satisfaction. Quality of product or service dealt. Fair pricing. After-sales service.
客户满意度。交易产品或服务的质量。公平定价。售后服务。
Society/Community 社会/社区
The laws of the society and community are to be respected. Environmental protection, Pollution abatement, Energy Conservation. In short improving the standard and quality of life.
社会和社区的法律应该得到尊重。环境保护、减少污染、节能。简而言之，提高生活水平和质量。
Government 政府
Business ethics from the point of view of business and businessmen is to provide information to the government in all matters that is required to be. Following the guidelines, policies and standard set up by the government. Paying the taxes that is legitimately due to the government.
从商业和商人的角度来看，商业道德是向政府提供所有需要的信息。遵循政府制定的指导方针、政策和标准。支付合法应向政府缴纳的税款。
A growing global role 日益增长的全球角色
People around the globe are more connected to each other than ever before. Information and money flow more quickly than ever. Goods and services produced in one part of the world are increasingly available in all parts of the world. International travel is more frequent. International communication is commonplace. This phenomenon has been titled “globalization.” While some people think of globalization as primarily a synonym for global business, it is much more than that. The same forces that allow businesses to operate as if national borders did not exist also allow social activists, labour organizers, journalists, academics, and many others to work on a global stage.
世界各地的人们比以往任何时候都更加相互联系。信息和资金流动比以往任何时候都快。在世界某一地区生产的商品和服务越来越多地在世界各地提供。国际旅行更加频繁。国际交流司空见惯。这一现象被称为“全球化”。虽然有些人认为全球化主要是全球商业的代名词，但它远不止于此。允许企业像不存在国界一样运作的力量也允许社会活动家、劳工组织者、记者、学者和许多其他人在全球舞台上工作。
It means communication, interconnectedness.
这意味着沟通、互联。
It means accomplishing things easier, cheaper, and quicker.
这意味着更容易、更便宜、更快地完成任务。
Something on a bigger scope than local.
比本地范围更大的东西。
It means opportunity, reducing trade barriers, growth.
这意味着机会、减少贸易壁垒、增长。
It means that there are many different ways to do things, all of which are valid in their own right.
这意味着有很多不同的方法来做事情，所有这些方法都是有效的。
It means a composite of things, an aggregate view.
它意味着一个事物的组合，一个聚合视图。
It means reallocating resources away from poorer nations to wealthier nations.
这意味着将资源从穷国重新分配给富国。
Its meaning depends on your point of view.
它的意义取决于你的观点。
Globalization is a medium which touches nearly every aspect of contemporary live in the “civilized’ world. Globalization is the engine of trade and of explosive economic prosperity. Globalization is a dynamic concept of universal proportions. The result is the pressure on business to play a role in social issues will continue to grow. There is a growing interest, therefore, in businesses taking a lead in addressing those issues in which they have an interest where government has failed to come up with a solution. It is the continuing commitment by business to behave fairly and responsibly and contribute to economic development while improving the quality of life as well as of the community and society at large.
全球化是一种媒介，它几乎触及当代生活的方方面面“文明的”世界。全球化是贸易和爆炸性经济繁荣的引擎。全球化是一个具有普遍性的动态概念。其结果是，企业在社会问题上发挥作用的压力将继续增加。因此，人们越来越感兴趣的是，企业带头解决那些他们感兴趣的问题未能找到解决方案。企业继续致力于公平和负责任地行事，为经济发展做出贡献，同时提高生活质量以及整个社区和社会的质量。
Unless there is accountability and transparency in the dealings the business cannot be socially responsible. The values of accountability, social responsibility, long-term vision, and ethical behavior have become more important. The wealth maximization or profit maximization begins at the floor level leading to value addition. When once value is added the concept of social responsibility would creep in. The present day scenario is different and far from reality.
除非在交易中有责任感和透明度，否则企业就不能对社会负责。问责制、社会责任、长期愿景和道德行为的价值观变得更加重要。财富最大化或利润最大化始于导致增值的最低水平。一旦增加了价值，社会责任的概念就会慢慢出现。目前的情况不同，与现实相去甚远。
The world is entering a century with unprecedented changes for peace and progress. Globalization is the buzzword in the context. Business is the silken thread that binds the whole world. Therefore globalization of ethics is needed. The need is envisaged in the following areas.
世界正进入一个和平与进步发生前所未有变化的世纪。全球化是上下文中的流行语。商业是连接整个世界的丝线。因此，需要道德全球化。预计需要在以下领域。
Global need for 全球需求
Stable and honest governments 稳定和诚实的政府
Transparency and openness to promote honesty in governments 透明度和公开性，促进政府诚实
Commitment to internationally recognized human rights 对国际公认人权的承诺
Developmental programs for environmental protection, pollution control, energy conservation 环境保护、污染控制、能源节约发展计划
Evolution for world code of ethics for business 世界商业道德准则的演变
Conclusion 结论
A society cannot function without a set of values. Society is undergoing social change. Business system is a product of customs and beliefs of the society in which it exists. Ethics is a study of what is right and wrong. Ethical considerations decide whether the business enterprise is on par with the society’s needs. Society is undergoing social change due to ethical considerations. So long as the value systems and philosophies of business go together, society will accept it. The resultant contribution would be positive. Social and ethical challenges in business take several forms and the impact is multidimensional and corporate governance is the key phrase. The changes that are taking place in the internal and external environment in which the business operates gave rise to a re-identification of their mission statement as “BE INFORMED. BE INVOLVED. MAKE A DIFFERENCE.” This new ethical standard and social attitude is blooming everywhere.
References 参考文献
1.Bowie, Norman E; Business Ethics; Prentice Hall Inc., New Jersy.
2.Davis Keith & Blomstrom.R.L.; Business & Society; McGraw Hill, New York.
3.Donaldson, John & Others; Business Ethics; Academic Press, London.
4.Dr. Robert F. Drainan; Globalizaion and Corporate Ethics; JRD TATA foundation for ethics in Business, XLRI Jamshedpur.
5.Kumar.A, Joshi.K.M, & Jagni.B.J.; Ethical Issues in Management; Commonwealth Publishers, New Delhi.
6.Mathias,T.A.Sj; Corporate Ethics; Allied Publishers, New Delhi.
Essay在最后给出了结果：没有一套价值观，一个社会就无法运转。社会正在经历社会变革。商业体系是其所在社会的习俗和信仰的产物。伦理学是对什么是正确和错误的研究。道德考量决定了企业是否符合社会需求。由于道德考虑，社会正在经历社会变革。只要商业的价值体系和哲学相结合，社会就会接受它。由此产生的贡献将是积极的。商业中的社会和道德挑战有多种形式，其影响是多层面的，公司治理是关键。企业经营的内部和外部环境正在发生变化，这促使人们重新将其使命宣言确定为“了解、参与、与众不同”。这一新的道德标准和社会态度在各地遍地开花。本站提供各国各专业留学生essay代写或指导服务，如有需要可咨询本平台。