留学生企业管理领导学essay范文——亚马逊和Facebook领导力和管理的比较，本文是一篇留学生领导学专业的Essay写作格式参考范文。企业中的管理概念主要分为四个主要概念，分别是社会和技术功能、组织宗旨和目标的初始化、利用正确的资源如人、时间等和良好的工作条件来实现这些目标。以下是领导学essay范例写作的全部内容，是一篇符合国外大学Essay写作格式要求的范文，供参考。
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The concept of management in business is mostly categorized in four main concepts from the social and technical functions, the initialization of the organizational aims and objectives, the achievement of these objectives using the right resources such as people, time etc and a good working condition.
Management style entails the ways in which employees can perform effectively and helping managers understanding and addressing challenges. Leadership style is the way in which how the authority of the workplace is kept ensuring a better effective throughput of the activities carried out in the organisation.
The key components of management and leadership style are attitudes and behaviours, including what a manager says; how they say it; the example they set; their body language; and their general conduct. These styles can be action-centred, transactional, transformational or authentic styles.
Managerial and Leadership Evaluation: Case Study of Two Organisations管理和领导评估:两个组织的案例研究
This section of the report, Amazon and Facebook are brought forward.
Amazon and Facebook: Background
Amazon is one of the popular e commerce in the world and as such one of the most leading organisations. The competition side of the e-commerce is the convenience in which products can be searched. The CEO; Jeff Bezos as the richest man in the world (Krishnamurthy, 2015); must have been hoped to have outstanding managerial and leadership concept in which the business is run as Amazon is indeed a successful enterprise.
On the other hand, since Facebook inception in 2004 for Harvard Students by Mark Zuckerberg the aim of the social site is to help undergrads communicate online using their real names. By 2020 the Facebook community increases to over 2 billion users across the world. If all Facebook users formed their own country, it would be the third largest country in the world (Ray, 2011).
另一方面，自2004年马克·扎克伯格为哈佛学生创建Facebook以来，该社交网站的目的是帮助本科生使用他们的真实姓名进行在线交流。到2020年，Facebook在全球的用户将超过20亿。如果所有Facebook用户组成自己的国家，它将成为世界上第三大国家(Ray, 2011)。
The two companies have a common starting history; from nothing-Amazon from a small room and Facebook from the hostel. Building such companies will require dedication, management and leadership styles.
Uncovering Leadership and Management Styles of the Two Organisations揭示两个组织的领导和管理风格
Jeff Bezos is known as the task oriented transactional leader. The leadership style as described by Stone (B, 2013) is seen as the style with strict set of standards who believes in his personal thoughts and perceptive rather than people’s opinion. The outcome of this illustration tends to ensure the longevity of the business among competitors and business upgrades (smail, 2010)
A major disadvantage of this leadership style is the inability to incorporate other ideas to ensure intensive coverage and adequate objectives in implementing ideas. A critical failure may lead to the downfall of the company with little or no recovery time.
In addition to the transactional qualities, Amazon CEO is a change seeker which is able to provide a balance with the disadvantages of the transactional style. This is illustrated as being transformational; projecting into the future, building and maintaining good relationship with resources that only align with the long-term goal of the company (Howell, 1993). These qualities have helped in the development of Amazon over the decades extending from ecommerce to other new technology businesses such as the Marketplace, Amazon Web Services, Amazon Echo etc.
除了交易型的特质，亚马逊CEO还是一个寻求改变的人，他能够在交易型风格的缺点之间找到平衡。这被描述为变革;展望未来，与资源建立和保持良好的关系，只有与公司的长期目标一致(Howell, 1993)。在过去的几十年里，这些品质帮助亚马逊从电子商务扩展到其他新技术业务，如市场、亚马逊网络服务、亚马逊Echo等。
The Great Man’s Theory fits Amazon’s leadership style as Jeff believes he has the traits needed to be a leader and hence does not need verification .
Facebook’s leadership skill is more encouraging and persuasive enabling constant demand for growth (Evangelista, 2012). Different from Amazon’s style, Mark Zuckerberg encourages seniors, colleagues and subordinates to make sole contributions.
The CEO tend to enhance expectations by making co-workers working more than the scheduled job allocations. The disadvantage of this approach instils confusion and can mean too much pressure on the work done which could elevate the stress level of the workers; this have been curtailed bearing in mind a friendly relaxed working environment in Facebook. (Bessinger, 2014)
Mark is able to adapt to critical situations and respond quickly to complaints either coming from workers or end users in building good relationships to ensure the growth of Facebook. A democratic type; focusing on having a positive review with people that makes up his business and open to share ideas and opinions. One of the major advantages of the democratic style is the ability to enhance excellent job and product satisfaction (Northouse, 2013).
马克能够适应关键情况，并迅速回应来自员工或终端用户的投诉，建立良好的关系，以确保Facebook的发展。一个民主的类型;专注于对他的业务的人进行积极的评价，并开放地分享想法和意见。民主风格的主要优势之一是提高优秀工作和产品满意度的能力(诺思豪斯，2013)。
Mark leadership style is attributed to the Situational; and Behavioural Theory as leadership styles adopted depends on the situation at hand and learns the skills to become a better leader (Northouse, 2013).
Management Styles管理风格
Amazon management style is actively around ensuring an all-round positive customer experience; with unsatisfied customers’ ability to contact Jeff on [email protected] (B, 2013)
Amazon had seen many pitfalls in job satisfaction and not carrying into play employees’ opinions in decision making. The CEO does not implement the popular management approaches to improve the workplace culture of the employees that work to keep the company functional; however, tends to be concerned on how to increase the company’s profit-making using technology (Bessinger, 2014).
Amazon implements a strict monitoring policy and the working conditions are very poor. Overall, the approach to manage the company is more customer friendly than worker friendly (Bessinger, 2014).
Therefore, it can be said that the management needs to focus on treating the employees’ right. The Expectancy Theory will be discussed; an overview of management theory relating to employee motivation. According to the Vroom’s expectancy theory of management, “it is expected that the employees act in a specific way they are treated or motivated at the workplace” (Vroom, 1964) (Lunenburg, 2011). When the workers are rightly motivated there will be effective result. The theory emphasizes on the factor that the employees should be rewarded on the basis of their performance. When the expectations of the employees are met, there remains better opportunity for the employees to come up with better approach to improve the business activities (Lunenburg, 2011).
因此，可以说，管理层需要注重对待员工的权利。期望理论将被讨论;关于员工激励的管理理论概述。根据Vroom的管理预期理论，“人们期望员工在工作场所以特定的方式对待或激励他们”(Vroom, 1964) (Lunenburg, 2011)。当工人被正确地激励时，就会有有效的结果。该理论强调的因素是，员工应该根据他们的表现获得奖励。当员工的期望得到满足时，仍然有更好的机会让员工提出更好的方法来改善业务活动(Lunenburg, 2011)。
Mark is an effective leader with good management style implementing the expectancy theory and as such employees are more relaxed and highly effective.
Conclusion结论
From the review, it is deduced that Jeff Bezos is a task oriented, transactional and transformational leader. His leadership style has resulted in Amazon being a success story in terms of profit yet lacking in being a good working environment.
从这篇评论中，我们可以推断出杰夫·贝佐斯是一位以任务为导向、交易型和变革型的领导者。他的领导风格使亚马逊在利润方面取得了成功，但缺乏良好的工作环境。
Zuckerberg is rated as an outstanding CEO; there is a record of job satisfaction as all opinions are welcome; appreciating workers such as performance feedback, working out/play at work etc.
References参考文献
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