项目管理essay代写范文—项目管理中的有效沟通，本文是一篇留学生管理专业的Essay写作格式参考范文。沟通并不总是那么容易，但它是任何关系中最重要的因素。作为项目经理，有很多有效使用沟通的方法。一个人可以收集一个项目的背景知识，在分析计划时使用在其他项目中曾经工作过的经验，使用沟通计划来确定时间表、规则、关键人物和重要消息，最后使用敏捷作为管理项目的一种方法。项目经理需要监控、计划、执行和启动整个项目，才能获得成功(Pozin, Nawi, Lee, Yaakob， & Hanafi, 2018)。项目经理使用所谓的“项目管理沟通计划”(Project Management Communication Plan)来沟通项目进度，并可以使用敏捷项目管理(Agile Project Management)来确保在截止日期前完成可交付成果。以下是管理学essay范例写作的全部内容，是一篇符合国外大学Essay写作格式要求的范文，供参考。
Introduction引言
Communication is not always easy, but it is the most important factor in any relationship. There are many ways of using communication effectively as a Project Manager. One could gather background knowledge of a project, use what has worked historically in other projects while analyzing the plan, use a communication plan to determine a timeline, rules, key players, and important messages, and finally use Agile as a means for managing project. Project managers need to monitor, plan, execute and initiate the entire project for it to be a success (Pozin, Nawi, Lee, Yaakob, & Hanafi, 2018). Project Managers use what is called a Project Management Communication Plan as a way of communicating a project’s progress and can use Agile Project Management to ensure the deliverables are completed by the deadlines.
Communicate Effectively积极沟通
According to Ray, understanding the kind of culture that exists within an organization is important to how communication is handled. Additionally, being able to relay culturally relatable information back to the organization is imperative for a project manager to obtain buy-in from the organizational stakeholders and team members (Ray, 2019). Burke noted that no matter how busy a client is, they want your communication the way they like communication delivered to them (Burke, 2015). In order to find out how clients like to be communicated with, a project manager needs to ask.
Asking questions can induce the product vision that a project manager needs in order to come up with deliverables (i.e. objectives). These deliverables are what keep the project running, are clearly defined at the beginning and reinstated by the project manager throughout to life cycle of the project (Ray, 2019). When your deliverables have been identified, the next step in the plan of communication is to determine who the product owner and stakeholders are that will deliver effective communication so the message of the project is not lost (Ray, 2019). Often project managers are good communicators, but according to Mei Yuen Foong (n.d.), “two in five projects do not meet the project’s original goal or intent and one-half of those unsuccessful projects are related to ineffective communications (p. 2).” Pozin, Nawi, Lee, Yaakob, & Hanafi, (2018) pointed out that an effective communication process could increase team collaboration and integration (p. 1523).
提出问题可以引出项目经理为了提出可交付成果(即目标)所需要的产品愿景。这些可交付成果是保持项目运行的要素，在项目开始时明确定义，并由项目经理在整个项目生命周期中恢复(Ray, 2019)。当你的可交付成果确定后，沟通计划的下一步是确定谁是产品负责人和利益相关者，他们将传递有效的沟通，从而使项目的信息不会丢失(Ray, 2019)。通常项目经理都是很好的沟通者，但是根据Mei Yuen Foong (n.d.)的说法，“五分之二的项目没有达到项目的最初目标或意图，其中一半的不成功的项目与无效的沟通有关(第2页)。”Pozin, naawi, Lee, Yaakob，和Hanafi，(2018)指出，有效的沟通过程可以增加团队协作和整合(第1523页)。
Plan Accordingly相应的计划
Project managers should look at their plan’s strengths and weaknesses for chances of improvements and record these opportunities (Ray, 2019). Furthermore, looking back historically on successful projects may shed light or bring useful and resourceful information to the current project for the organization (Ray, 2019). Listening to the ideas of others is also effective when information is needed to understand what the client really wants and can be relevant to the objectives captured at the beginning of the project (Burke, 2015). Furthermore, delivering information is also important because everyone may not want the information delivered the same way (Ray, 2019).
Having guidelines to formulate a plan is important if you want to achieve the objectives you set out to perform (Ray, 2019). Guidelines also help with communicating how communication will be delivered; through email, meetings, feedback, timelines, and more (Ray, 2019). Consistent timeliness and a definitive process of communication is key to clarifying and updating others on the progress of the project and should be the responsibility of the communication owner, which is determined at the start of the project (Ray, 2019). Collaborating is essential to project work. Foong (n.d.) said it best when she stated, “The diversity within a project team which can be cultural, geographical, organizational, functional, age related, level of education and so on is indeed the biggest challenge for a project manager (p. 1).” Project managers will need to find a diverse group of people who specialize in different fields and can collaborate to deliver the objectives (Foong, n.d.).
如果你想实现你设定的目标，制定计划的指导方针是很重要的(Ray, 2019)。指导方针还有助于沟通如何进行沟通;通过电子邮件、会议、反馈、时间表等(Ray, 2019年)。始终如一的及时性和明确的沟通过程是向其他人澄清和更新项目进展的关键，这应该是沟通所有者的责任，这在项目开始时就确定了(Ray, 2019)。协作对项目工作是必不可少的。Foong (n.d.)说得最好，“项目团队内部的多样性，可以是文化的、地理的、组织的、功能的、年龄相关的、教育水平等，确实是项目经理面临的最大挑战(第1页)”。项目经理将需要找到一个多样化的团队，他们专攻不同的领域，可以合作实现目标(Foong, n.d.)。
Agile Efficiently灵活有效的
Agile provides the ability to iterate planning at the forefront of the project and then establishes self-managing teams who collaborate to perform the work needed to move forward in the project (Pool, Upjohn, & Hernandez, 2019). These consist of biweekly or monthly sprints where the team allots work, they can finish in the timeframe given and they work together to complete the work (Pool, Upjohn, & Hernandez, 2019). According to Pool, Upjohn, & Hernandez (2019), having sprints allows for project teams to stay focused and deliver portions of the project to the stakeholders at the end of each sprint. This required a lot of communication and collaboration from the team. Agile also delivers multiple releases of the usable products in cycles instead of unloading an entirely new change altogether (Pool, Upjohn, & Hernandez, 2019). Not only does this improve innovation, but Agile methods help to mitigate risk, prevent losses, and ensures positive returns both clinically and financially (Pool, Upjohn, & Hernandez, 2019). Agile helps organizations manage change through innovation and evolvement, and improve collaboration, communication, and team dynamics (Pool, Upjohn, & Hernandez, 2019). Not only does Agile improve output, but the model delivers faster results, allows for immediate review of data that will improve the next released change (Pool, Upjohn, & Hernandez, 2019).
Conclusion结论
In summary, even though communication takes a lot of effort, it’s important for project managers to establish effective communication to achieve deliverables on a consistent schedule. Monitoring, planning, executing, and initiating a project is no small feat. It takes collaboration, innovation and evolvement to improve communication and team dynamics. Using the Project Management Communication Plan to determine a timeline, establish rules, include key players, and communicate important messages is just the start of how to run a successful project. Although Agile can assist with reconstructing the way an organization delivers the wants of its clients, effective communication starts with a plan and ends with product.
总之，尽管沟通需要付出很多努力，但对于项目经理来说，建立有效的沟通以在一致的时间表上实现可交付成果是很重要的。监视、计划、执行和启动一个项目不是一件容易的事。它需要协作、创新和发展来改善沟通和团队动力。使用项目管理沟通计划来确定时间表，建立规则，包括关键的参与者，并交流重要的信息，这只是如何运行一个成功的项目的开始。尽管敏捷可以帮助组织重构交付客户需求的方式，但有效的沟通从计划开始，到产品结束。
References参考文献
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