Essay格式范文-全球服装业工人的不平等。本文是一篇留学生essay写作格式参考范文，主要内容是讲述全球服装业是世界上最突出的产业之一。“时尚是一个高度复杂、价值2.5万亿美元的全球产业”在全球雇佣了数百万人。然而，全球南北之间存在巨大分歧。围绕着全球服装业，主要是发展中国家雇用的工人，存在着许多问题。目前正在采取对策，试图改善全球服装业工人面临的不平等现象。下面就一起来参考这篇符合国外大学essay格式要求的范文。
The global clothing industry is one of the most prominent industries in the world. “Fashion is a highly sophisticated, $2.5 trillion global industry”[1] employing millions of people across the globe. However, there is a large divide between the Global North and South. There are a number of issues surrounding the global clothing industry mainly the workers employed in developing countries. There are responses currently being undertaken to try and improve the inequalities faced by workers in the global clothing industry.
The term globalization is used to describe the combination of geography, people, governments and the global economy. Globalization can be defined as “global economic integration of many formerly national economies into one global economy,”[2] this is important because it defines many individual economies becoming one. Split into two different areas; the developed countries in the Global North and developing countries in the Global South. As one would expect the majority of production and labour occurs in developing countries in the Global South and is exported to richer countries to sell the products. This is because multinational companies fragmented their production line to take advantage of cheaper costs in the South such as; cheap materials and cheap labour as different countries have different laws on wages. Another factor as to why companies use developing countries to manufacture their products is improved transport. Since planes became the common method of transporting cargo more countries in the Global South have become involved in the production line. This is because before planes, ships were the method of cargo transportation which weeks to move products whereas planes became quicker methods moving products in a day. Furthermore, this meant more products could be exported such as perishable goods like food, expanding globalisation into more countries in the global south. There is an increased number of companies moving their production factories to countries in the South to exploit raw materials and cheap labour costs, for example Zara. “As a number of supplier firms in countries such as Morocco, India and Turkey have gained the competence to manufacture intricately worked high-quality garments with the required flexibility and speed, Zara has turned to sourcing from these countries”[3] meaning Zara has decided that countries in the South now have good quality materials and improved facilities now sourcing raw materials from them as well.
全球化一词用于描述地理、人民、政府和全球经济的结合。全球化可以定义为“许多以前的国家经济体融入一个全球经济体的全球经济一体化，这一点很重要，因为它将许多单个经济体定义为一体。分成两个不同的区域；北半球的发达国家和南半球的发展中国家。正如人们所期望的那样，大多数生产和劳动力发生在全球南方的发展中国家，并出口到较富裕的国家以销售产品。这是因为跨国公司分散了生产线，以利用南方较低的成本，例如；廉价的材料和廉价的劳动力，因为不同的国家对工资有不同的法律。公司利用发展中国家制造产品的另一个因素是运输的改善。自从飞机成为运输货物的常用方法以来，越来越多的南半球国家开始参与生产线。这是因为在飞机出现之前，船舶是货物运输的方式，需要数周的时间来运输产品，而飞机则成为一天内运输产品的更快方式。此外，这意味着可以出口更多产品，如食品等易腐商品，从而将全球化扩展到全球南方更多国家。越来越多的公司将其生产工厂转移到南方国家，以利用原材料和廉价劳动力成本，例如Zara。“由于摩洛哥、印度和土耳其等国的许多供应商公司已经具备了以所需的灵活性和速度制造复杂加工的高质量服装的能力，Zara已经转向从这些国家采购”这意味着Zara已经决定南半球国家现在拥有优质材料和改进的设施，现在从这些国家采购原材料。
This graph shows the top 10 exporters of clothes in 2018. The Extra-EU simply exports within the EU so one EU country to another. As expected, China is the biggest exporter of clothing with a value of $158bn. However, unexpectedly the EU is the second biggest exporter of clothes with a value of $143bn. This is unexpected as the EU would be expected to be one of the biggest importers of clothes to sell and not exporting. As expected, countries in the Global South such as Vietnam and Bangladesh are large exporters of clothes but a long way below the EU and China with a value of $32bn each. (This source is from the world trade statistical review WTO, 2019)[4]
该图显示了2018年前十大服装出口商。额外的欧盟只是在欧盟内部出口，因此一个欧盟国家向另一个欧盟国家出口。不出所料，中国是最大的服装出口国，价值1580亿美元。然而，出乎意料的是，欧盟是第二大服装出口国，价值1430亿美元。这出乎意料，因为预计欧盟将成为最大的服装进口国之一，而不是出口国。不出所料，越南和孟加拉国等全球南方国家是服装出口大国，但远低于欧盟和中国，各自的价值为320亿美元。
The Global South employs millions of people in the clothing industry due to many multinational corporations moving their production factories to less developed countries. There are many examples of the benefits and negatives this industry has on the workers in these countries. Vietnam is a developing country in the Global South that relies heavily on the global clothing trade to grow its economy. “U.S. clothing imports from Vietnam grew from virtually nothing in 2000 to $3.2 billion in 2006”[5]. Furthermore, “Vietnam has considered export the key to economic development”[6] showing the importance of globalisation helping these countries as it gives them a much larger market and employs more people as well as growing the economy, “garment export has reported the largest export turnover…and is now the country’s second largest export item after crude oil.”[7] “In 1995, Vietnam’s exports of textiles and clothing were worth $766 million,… data for 2006 has the total value of Vietnam’s textile and clothing exports at $5.83 billion.”[8] These statistics show that the amount of export earnings of exportation of clothing has increased significantly between 1995 and 2006. This is beneficial to the people of Vietnam for several reasons. It improves the country’s economy which allows the Vietnamese Government to invest money into improving the lives of Vietnam’s citizens. This further “shows that the growth of exports has had a significant positive effect on employment”[9] because of the movement of production factories to Vietnam many more people can be employed in this industry reducing levels of unemployment.
由于许多跨国公司将其生产工厂迁往欠发达国家，全球南方在服装行业雇用了数百万人。这个行业对这些国家的工人有很多好处和坏处。越南是全球南方的一个发展中国家，其经济增长严重依赖全球服装贸易。“美国从越南的服装进口从2000年的零增长到2006年的32亿美元”。此外，“越南已将出口视为经济发展的关键”表明了全球化对这些国家的重要性，因为它为这些国家提供了更大的市场，雇用了更多的人，并促进了经济增长。“服装出口报告了最大的出口营业额……现在是该国仅次于原油的第二大出口项目。” “1995年，越南纺织品和服装出口价值7.66亿美元，……2006年的数据显示，越南纺织品和服装出口总值为58.3亿美元。” 这些统计数字表明，1995年至2006年间，服装出口的出口收入大幅增加。出于几个原因，这对越南人民有利。它改善了国家的经济，使越南政府能够投资改善越南公民的生活。这进一步“表明出口的增长对就业产生了显著的积极影响”，因为生产工厂转移到越南，该行业可以雇用更多的人，降低失业水平。
Another developing country in the South that has been impacted by the global clothing trade is Bangladesh. However, this time it has had a negative impact rather than a positive one. “On 24 April 2013, in the Savar suburb of Dhaka, a building complex which housed several garment factories collapsed leaving 1129 garment workers dead and a further 2500 injured”[10] this is a severe impact of the global clothing trade. It was later found out that “the building had seen four floors added without planning permission”[11] The lack of thought to the workers and their safety was evident and the reputations of big companies such as Primark were tarnished as they had not taken the correct precautions to prevent a disaster like this from happening and they received a heavy backlash. This shows the ugly side of the global clothing trade and the negative impacts it can have on the developing countries reliant on it.
受全球服装贸易影响的另一个南方发展中国家是孟加拉国。然而，这一次它产生了消极影响，而不是积极影响。“2013年4月24日，在达卡萨瓦尔郊区，一座容纳多家服装厂的建筑群倒塌，造成1129名服装工人死亡，2500人受伤”这是全球服装贸易的严重影响。后来发现，“该建筑在未经规划许可的情况下增加了四层”显然对工人和他们的安全缺乏考虑，Primark等大公司的声誉受损，因为他们没有采取正确的预防措施来防止此类灾难的发生，并受到了强烈的反对。这表明了全球服装贸易的丑陋一面，以及它可能对依赖它的发展中国家产生的负面影响。
Currently there are several issues in the Global Clothing Industry. With regards to the human rights being violated, poor working conditions and poor pay there are several responses in place to try and combat these issues. One response to combat the growing problem is slow fashion, which means companies try to produce quality items that last longer. It is the response to fast fashion where consumers by products to only wear it once before purchasing more items. “We understand slow fashion to mean not only slowing down the consumption and production processes, but also protecting the well-being of the workers, communities, and the environment.”[12] This helps workers by giving them a fairer living wage and helps the environment as there is less transport costs and less raw materials being used up in the production of fast fashion. Another response is improving the working conditions in factories in the South. The Runa Plaza collapse in 2013 due to poor building regulations was a wakeup call to many multinational companies. “Within weeks of the disaster, a host of leading clothing brands had signed up to the ‘Accord for Fire and Building Safety in Bangladesh”[13] meaning that companies had come forward like Primark and realised that the workers needed safer working conditions and regulations put into place to ensure the safety of workers. Furthermore, there are more rights for workers being put in place by organisations like the International Labour Organisation who fight to give workers more rights in developing countries. “the number of companies adopting and disclosing on the ILO’s workplace human rights standards has significantly increased since 1998”[14] This shows that slowly workers are being more looked after as companies are putting these rights in their corporate social responsibility and putting them into practice in their factories. A final response to combating issues in the global clothing trade is the charity Fairtrade. Fairtrade aims to help workers in developing countries get a better deal for their work by giving them a fairer salary.
目前，全球服装行业存在几个问题。关于人权受到侵犯、工作条件差和工资低的问题，有几种应对措施试图解决这些问题。应对这一日益严重的问题的一个办法是慢时尚，这意味着公司试图生产耐用的优质产品。这是对快速时尚的回应，消费者在购买更多商品之前只需穿一次产品。“我们理解慢时尚不仅意味着减缓消费和生产过程，而且还意味着保护工人、社区和环境的福祉。”这有助于工人获得更公平的生活工资，并有助于环境，因为运输成本更低，生产快速时尚所用的原材料更少。另一个应对措施是改善南方工厂的工作条件。2013年，由于建筑监管不善，汝那广场（Runa Plaza）倒塌，这给许多跨国公司敲响了警钟。“在灾难发生的几周内，许多领先的服装品牌签署了《孟加拉国消防和建筑安全协议》，这意味着公司像Primark一样挺身而出，意识到工人需要更安全的工作条件和制定的法规，以确保工人的安全。此外，国际劳工组织（International Labor Organization）等组织正在为工人争取更多权利，这些组织在发展中国家为工人争取更多权利。“自1998年以来，采用和披露国际劳工组织工作场所人权标准的公司数量显著增加”这表明，随着公司将这些权利纳入其企业社会责任，并在其工厂付诸实施，工人正逐渐受到更多的照顾。应对全球服装贸易问题的最后对策是慈善公平贸易。公平贸易旨在通过给予发展中国家工人更公平的工资，帮助他们获得更好的工作待遇。
In conclusion, there is still a big divide between the Global North and South with poor working conditions and pay. However, responses have been implemented to try and counteract these issues with varied effect. Although they are in place, it is impossible to make sure all companies give workers good conditions and pay. It relies on companies doing right by their workers and organisations like International Labour Organisation and Fairtrade to keep campaigning for workers’ rights.
Essay范文在文末总结全球南北之间仍然存在巨大差距，工作条件和工资都很差。然而，已经采取了应对措施，试图以不同的效果应对这些问题。虽然他们已经到位，但不可能确保所有公司都为员工提供良好的工作条件和薪酬。它依靠公司为工人做正确的事，以及像国际劳工组织和公平贸易组织这样的组织，来继续为工人的权利而运动。本站提供各国各专业essay写作指导服务，如有需要可咨询本平台。