本文是历史专业的Essay范例，题目是“Impact of the Pax Ramana Peace Treaty（《拉马纳和平条约》的影响）”，罗马帝国与当时的其他统治时期非常不同。这是因为在此之前，人们已经厌倦了国王的统治，人们想要做出改变。之前的罗马统治被推翻了，因为它在当时受到了其他人的厌恶，在创造罗马帝国的时候发生了很多战争，在内战和政治斗争之间，平民受够了，然后布匿战争爆发了，这对罗马共和国产生了巨大的影响，也影响了罗马共和国在这一时期的地位。在那个时期，罗马有很多不同的文化，直到今天仍然如此，许多国家之间仍然有很多贸易往来，在这个时期，我最感兴趣的是罗马和平。
The roman empire was very different compared to its other ruling period during that time. it came about people were tired of the kings ruling before this time and people wanted to have change that came about. The previous roman ruling got over thrown due the amount of dislike it had received from others in its time period, there were many wars that came about during the time of the creation that led up to the roman empire, between civil and political battles, the civilians had have enough of it and then Punic war had come about and it had a huge impact on the roman republic and where it was at during this time period. There were many different culture’s in Rome during that time period and still is today, and there is still a lot of trading that goes on between many different countries, the one thing that has stuck out for me during this time period is the Pax Romana.
The Pax Romana was a peace treaty that had existed between cities in the roman empire. It lasted from 187 bcc to 18 ad, it was period of a very peaceful time and there was very little war happening during this time, and during this time period it was also known as the golden age because of the such peaceful time. the Pax Romana came about when Octavian Caesar’s son had beat mark Anthony during the Actium war, which was one of the last wars that led up do the Pax Romana. The Actium war took place in twenty-one by on the Ionian Sea. That war put Octavian in a very good spot becase he had the upper hand after the war and get all the leverage and power he needed over the roman empire. Which then brought Octavian to be the first emperor of the Romain empire, which was a very big role during that time because no one person during that time had control of Rome before, so it was a very different to people, but with that type of power came some unpopular attention towards Octavian, there was many people out after him, but they were out to get Julius Caesar.
罗马和平是罗马帝国各城市之间的和平条约。它从公元前187年持续到公元18年，这是一个非常和平的时期，这段时间很少发生战争，这段时间也被称为黄金时代，因为这样的和平时期。罗马和平源于凯撒的儿子屋大维在亚克兴战争中击败了马克·安东尼。亚克兴战争是导致罗马和平的最后几场战争之一。亚克兴战争于21年在爱奥尼亚海附近爆发。这场战争让屋大维处于一个非常有利的位置，因为战争结束后，他占据了上风，获得了他对罗马帝国所需的所有筹码和权力。然后把屋大维罗曼帝国的第一个皇帝,这是一个非常大的作用在此期间因为没有一个人在这段时间里控制罗马之前,所以它是一个非常不同的人,但这种力量对屋大维一些不受欢迎的关注,有很多人在他之后,但他们是来抓凯撒的。
Brutus and Gaius cassius were after Julius Caesar for a very long time, they had an idea of to flee Rome and create their own army, but it didn’t work out in there favor because they ended up being captured by the united forces of Octavian and Antony in a battle that took place during in a small town in the Philippine’s, that so happened to be started by Julius Caesar in forty two bc, but then when they were found they both (Brutus and cassius) had both committed suicide, but with both of them both wanting power, there was issues that had aroused between the two of them, so mark Antony had went to Egypt and had made an alliance with Cleopatra, who was an Egyptian queen and Octavian had claimed himself as a ruler to the Romain empire. But then during that time he had declared mark Antony as a traitor towards Rome and declared war on Cleopatra, when that had happened during the war of Actium had broke out.
布鲁特斯和盖乌斯卡西乌斯凯撒大帝很长一段时间后,他们有了一个主意逃离罗马和创建自己的军队,但它没有工作在忙,因为他们最终被屋大维与安东尼联合部队的战斗发生在一个小镇在菲律宾,这么碰巧被凯撒大帝在公元前40两个开始,但当他们发现他们都(布鲁特斯和卡修斯)都自杀了,但是他们两人都想要权力,之间有问题,已经引起了他们两个,所以马克·安东尼来到埃及,与克利奥帕特拉结盟,屋大维声称自己是罗马帝国的统治者。但在此期间，他宣布安东尼背叛了罗马，并向克利奥帕特拉宣战，当时亚克兴战争刚刚爆发。
Actium was a naval battle had had taken place in 31 bc, and it had taken place off the coast of Greece, Antony had hope to take out Octavian by out numbering him or break his battle ships, but that didn’t work at all, because most of the fleet had broken off from the rest of the pack and they had no choice but surrender to Octavian.
When they had surrendered to Octavian they both mark Antony had Cleopatra had committed suicide, which enturn left there three kids parentless, so Octavian had brought their kids back to Rome with them. Just because they were saved by Octavian doesn’t mean they were liked by any means, they were brought throughout the streets of Rome as a sign to others as captive’s, which was more of a sign of dominance to theirs in Rome showing what would happen if you rebelled against him during his rule.
当他们向屋大维投降时，他们两人都注意到安东尼让克利奥帕特拉自杀了，结果留下三个孩子没有父母，所以屋大维把他们的孩子带回了罗马。仅仅因为他们被屋大维并不意味着他们喜欢,他们将在罗马的街头其他俘虏的一个标志,它更多的是在罗马统治的标志他们的表现会发生什么他统治期间如果你背叛他。
After the domination of Cleopatra and Antony, it had open up a new time period in the roman times. for the first time in a very long time (almost ten years) the roman culture had not been in a war, which was great for the capital because that meant that the people of Rome could have time to regroup as a whole and change the ways laws and people were treated, but the Rome was still without a ruler but that didn’t last very long. Octavian had been a ruler by himself for four years after that but then after four years he had accepted the name of emperor Augustus, which was the name he had cared for the most, but with that came a lot of pressure from citizens because for the longest of time the power was spread between multiple people and just not one person, which some people were for the idea but many people during that time weren’t too fond of that idea, and that time period was known as the pinacate of Rome during the Pax Romana which meant worthy of honor. One of the things that was made during that time period which is still implied today is taxation and government. But the biggest issue people in the roman empire had with that is that there was one person in charge of the money. So, with that being said people were worried that he was going to be very greedy, which wasn’t the case at all. to me the idea of taxes is a very good idea because during that time it had helped out paying for damages that were brought out by the war. And in today’s times it is still used for that and helps pay for things in town that need to be fixed.
在克利奥帕特拉和安东尼的统治之后，它在罗马时代开辟了一个新的时期。第一次在很长一段时间内(近十年)的罗马文化没有战争,这是伟大的首都,因为这意味着罗马人民可以有时间来重组作为一个整体和改变法律和人的方式治疗,但罗马仍没有一把尺子,但并没有持续很长时间。屋大维是统治者自己四年之后,但四年后他接受了奥古斯都皇帝的名字,叫他照顾大多数,但有很大的压力来自公民因为最长时间的力量是多个人之间传播,而不仅仅是一个人,有些人支持这个想法，但当时很多人不太喜欢这个想法，那个时期被称为罗马和平时期，也就是值得尊敬的时期。在那个时期，人们所做的一件事就是税收和政府，这在今天仍然被暗示着。但罗马帝国最大的问题是，只有一个人掌管货币。所以说，人们担心他会非常贪婪，但事实并非如此。对我来说，税收的想法是一个非常好的想法，因为在那段时间里，它帮助支付了战争带来的损害。在今天，它仍然被用来帮助支付镇上需要修理的东西。
Also, during the time of the Pax Romana there was new towns and colonies that had been brought into the picture, which was very good because it brought more people into the Rome which created for more of diverse culture, and during that time period helped out a lot because they had just gotten out of a war ridden time period. So, it was a good thing for the romans to have a time of reform and diversity between them. Augustus is known for being very strict, so when there was more diversity it’s kind of made it difficult for people to be culture diverse. With all the money that had been collected by the government he had used it to help rebuild temples and the city as a whole, but he didn’t want anyone to pray to other gods but his own, which is very difficult to do if you had only prayed to other gods before coming to Rome. But also, with Augustus ruling and being very by the book so to speak, he had come up with his own set of laws. Those sets of laws more had to do with married couples. He punished what we could call today and cheaters, which never is a good thing in today’s times and back then, it made divorce more difficult to come across, also he came up with certain time frames that the couples needed to be divorced and if they were under a certain age had to remarry as well. To really make his point very valid he Augustus had his daughter sent to an island where it was only female, which was a very smart move for him because with that being said and proven, it didn’t matter who you were, if you disobeyed his rules you were bound to be punished.
也在罗马和平时期有新的城镇和殖民地,被带进画面,这非常好,因为它使更多的人拥到罗马创建更多的不同文化,在这期间帮助了很多因为他们刚刚摆脱了战争时期骑。所以，对罗马人来说，改革和多样性是一件好事。奥古斯都以严格著称，所以当文化更加多样化时，人们很难保持文化的多样性。与所有的钱已经被政府收集他已经用它来帮助重建寺庙和城市作为一个整体,但他不希望任何人向别神,但自己的祈祷,这是非常困难的,如果你只有祈祷神来罗马之前。同时，奥古斯都的统治，也可以说是严格按照法典行事，他制定了自己的一套法律。这些法律更多的是针对已婚夫妇的。他惩罚我们今天可以叫骗子,这从来不是一件好事在今天的时间和当时,这让离婚很难遇到,他还提出了特定的时间框架,夫妻需要离婚,如果他们在一定年龄已经再婚。真正让他的观点非常有效的奥古斯都有他的女儿送到一个小岛,只有女性,这对他来说是一个非常聪明的举动,因为据说和证明,不管你是谁,如果你违背了他的规则你一定会受到惩罚。
After the Punic war it was also a great time for the people of Rome because they had concorded a lot of the land in the process of doing so, in fact this was the most amount of land that was taken over by any ruler during his time period. There was a setback during that time period though, when he was trying to take over land in modern day Germania, many of his men were killed in the process, three groups of soldiers were killed trying to take over. Which was crazy to think that during all the other hardships they have seen during their time, that just trying to take control of a small town a good portion of his army was shut down and force to retreat. But there was a wall that was known as Hadrian’s wall (the wall was started to be built in 122 ce) that would-be set-in place so that way there wasn’t any more expansion into Rome because the romans were worried that other armies would try to take over and take over all the hard work that Augustus had worked very hard and for a long time for. The wall had many forts set up, so the soldiers could be ready in case that there was a battle that broke out, so they could be ready at any given time. it was a very long wall that was built, the wall had span over seventy-two miles long, and it took a very long time to build and a lot of the wall is still there.
During the time period of the Pax Romana there was times where the “golden age” had some issues. In a very town that was called Britannia had a rebellion towards Rome that was led by boudica, who was a Celtic queen. The war didn’t end in the best of ways, Augustus ended that war really in a huge massacre of the Celtic army during the time, which then in another rebellion destroyed the temple of Jerusalem. And that was very detrimental to the roman culture because that temple is where many of the roman people went to pray. But the outcome of that rebellion is that Jewish people were not welcomed into Rome anymore, but those occurrences weren’t very normal during this time. the roman culture wasn’t kept up with pure violence, even though Rome controlled a lot of territory during that time period they offered many different things to others during that time period, which was very considerate compared to what the romans did during that time period to get to where they were during those times of war. For the higher ups in the roman culture they were given many different options during that time, they had the option to adapt to the roman cultures such as the way the romans dressed and how to get use to their laws. Also, there homes could have many different designs inside, which was very considerate during that time period because of the amount of the struggle the roman army and the types of battles that they had to face in the process of hat time.
在罗马和平时期，“黄金时代”曾出现过一些问题。在一个叫做不列颠尼亚的小镇上，凯尔特女王布迪卡领导了一场反抗罗马的运动。战争并没有以最好的方式结束，奥古斯都以当时对凯尔特军队的大规模屠杀结束了战争，在另一场叛乱中，摧毁了耶路撒冷神庙。这对罗马文化是非常不利的，因为很多罗马人都去那里祈祷。但那次叛乱的结果是，犹太人不再被欢迎进入罗马，但在当时，这种情况并不常见。罗马文化没有跟上纯暴力,尽管罗马控制大量的领土在那段时间他们提供很多不同的人在这时期,这是非常体贴的罗马人所做的相比,在那段时间,他们在这些时候的战争。对于罗马文化中的高层来说，他们在那个时期有很多不同的选择，他们可以选择适应罗马文化，比如罗马人的着装方式，以及如何使用他们的法律。此外，这些房子内部可以有很多不同的设计，这在当时是非常周到的，因为罗马军队在那个时期必须面对大量的斗争和战斗类型。
But during that time period after Augustus had passed, there was others that took place of him, but there was one who was known as Nero, who basically had the last straw of the roman empire. Nero was only a ruler fourteen years, during that time he wasn’t known for the good things that he did basically joust only for how he was the last roman emperor. There five rulers including Augustus himself which was known as the last five. During the time of Nero’s rule he was thought to be a very negative person, one of his biggest moments he was known for was when the great fire of Rome, which was a fire that had lasted six days and burned a greater portion of Rome right to the ground, and with that being said he had used the Christians as a scapegoat as to blame to start the fire, which is very low for a ruler to blame people that were accepted in his culture was the fault to a fire, when in fact he Nero himself was the one to cause the fire, which was very messed up for him to do such a thing, it was mostly because he didn’t want them to be in his empire, and with that being done and many others incidents that happened during his ruling he wasn’t liked by many at all, then later on was the first and only roman emperor that had taken his own life. Which then with that being done he was very last emperor of the roman empire. But this was very comparable to our lives now in many ways.
During the upbringing of our country along with Rome, there was a few similarities between the two of them. When we in present times were taking over places to establish what we know now as the united states of America and Rome, we had to fight for what we had, many of the battles on the water, endeavor foreign places that we have never been before. Also like the romans we had to fight for land, and we had developed along the way. But the biggest deal of all is if the romans had never overcome the power of Rome, there would be no other part of history and who knows where we would be in today’s time period.
Because of the Pax Romana, there was its high points along with the low points, there was also struggle along the way and rulers who weren’t liked as well, but it worked out in the end for the better because if there wasn’t this hardship of time, who knows where we would be now. There wouldn’t have been a lot of things that we have in life. But it was a great time to be adapted to other cultures and rulers during that time period. Also, we wouldn’t have seen three different civilizations come about in this. But in the end it, in some way it had an impact on our lives today, such as the idea of coinage, who knew something we deal with just about every day such a small concept had come from a time period such a long time ago, but has a huge impact on our lives today which not a lot of people think about it all in there daily lives. Also, the romans had come up with the calendar, which again was such a small concept to us during this time but was a huge achievement in their time period. Needless to say, the roman had a great impact on our culture and society today, they had many great achievement’s that if they didn’t have along the way, we wouldn’t have been able to get where we are at today, which is crazy to think that something that happened so long ago in double digit time periods would affect where us as the united states of America our at today.
因为罗马和平,有高点和低点点,一路上也有斗争,统治者不喜欢,但这在结束更好,因为如果没有这个困难的时候,谁知道我们会了。我们的生活中就不会有那么多的东西。但这是一个适应其他文化和统治者的伟大时期。而且，我们也不会看到三种不同的文明出现在这里。但最终,在某种程度上影响了我们的生活今天,如货币的想法,谁知道我们每天处理只是这么小的概念来自很久以前这样的时期,但是今天对我们的生活有巨大的影响,不是很多人认为在这里的日常生活。此外，罗马人还发明了历法，这在当时对我们来说还是一个很小的概念，但在他们那个时代是一个巨大的成就。不用说，罗马人对我们今天的文化和社会有很大的影响，他们有很多伟大的成就，如果没有他们的一路走来，我们就不可能有今天的成就，想想那些发生在很久以前的两位数时期的事情会影响到我们美利坚合众国今天的地位，真是太疯狂了。
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