财务报告与财务报表分析-财务分析的差额分析法-Financial analysis variance analysis

发布时间:2011-09-02 09:09:26 论文编辑:代写硕士论文

财务分析差额分析法

  代写财务报告差额分析法是股票投资者进行财力分析的具体方法之一,也叫绝对分析法,即以数字之间的差额大小予以分析。它通过分析财务报表中有关科目绝对数值大小差额,据以判断股票发行公司的财务状况和经营成果。在财务分析中,主要是分析下列数值的大小:

  1.净值=账面价值=股东权益=资本总资产-总负债

  2.营运资产=流动资产-流动负债=(长期负债+资本)-固定资产

  3.速动资产=流动资产-(存货+预付费用)=现金+银行存款+应收账款+应收票据+有价证券

  4.发放股利=(本年收益+累积盈余)-(保留盈利+已拨用的保留盈余)

  5.普通股股利=发放股利-优先股股利

  6.销售毛利=销售收入-销售成本

  7.营业纯利=销售毛利-营业费用=销售收入-(销售成本+营业费用)

  8.税前盈利=营业纯利+营业外收入-营业外支出

  9.税后盈利=税前盈利-所得税=本年净收益

   通过对上述数值的差额分析,投资者便可以获得对一个公司财务状况和经营效果的初步认识。

  例如,营运资金又叫运转资金,乃是一个公司日常循环的资金,表示公司在短期内可运用的流动性的净额,即一年内可变现的流动资金减去一年内将到期的流动负债的差额。营运资金的大小,不仅关系到公司的经营活动能否正常运行,而且关系到公司的短期偿还能力。 所得的数字大于流动负债,从而初步了解到该公司的短期清算能力是有保证的。然而,差额分析法有很大的局发性,它无法解释求出的数值大或小至什么程度,也无法说明数值以多大或多小为宜。而许多数值如营运资金和流动资产等,并不是越大越好,所以,不能仅仅满足于差额分析法,要结合其他分析方法,才能达到财务分析的目的。

Financial analysis variance analysis

Variance analysis is the stock investors in financial analysis of the specific method, also called the absolute analysis method, i.e. the difference between the size of digital analyze. It is through the analysis of financial statements in subjects related to absolute numerical size variance, to judge the stock company's financial condition and results of operations. In financial analysis, mainly analyses the following values:

Net book value of 1 = = = = = = = = = = = = = equity capital total assets - total liabilities

2 operating assets = current assets and current liabilities = ( long-term liabilities and capital ) - Fixed Assets

3 quick assets = current assets ( inventory prepaid expenses ) = Cash + Bank + accounts receivable notes receivable + + securities

4 = ( dividend this year income + accumulated surplus ) - ( retained earnings + had to use retained earnings )

5 of ordinary shares dividend = dividends and dividend on preferred stock

6 sales gross margin = sales revenue cost of sales

The 7 business profit = gross profit on sales and operating expenses = sales - ( cost of sales and operating expenses )

8 pre-tax profit = operating profit + non-business income non-operating expenses

9 after-tax earnings = profit before income tax this year - = net income

Based on the above numerical variance analysis, investors can get on a company's financial position and operating effect of the initial understanding of.

For example, working capital and funding, is a daily circulation of capital, said the company is in short-term inside can use flow net, i.e., within a year can be cash liquidity minus within a year due to the difference of current liabilities. Working capital size, is not only related to the business activities of the company whether normal operation, but also related to the company's short-term debt paying ability. The number is greater than the current liabilities, thus a preliminary understanding to the company's short-term clearing capacity is guaranteed. However, variance analysis method has a great council, it cannot explain the numerical or as small as to what extent, cannot explain value to how large or small as appropriate. While many values such as working capital and liquidity, not the better, so, not only satisfied with the variance analysis method, combined with other analytical methods, to achieve the purpose of financial analysis.