本文是市场营销专业Essay作业范例，题目是“Pros And Cons Of North America Free Trade Marketing Essay（北美自由贸易市场营销的利弊分析）”，本报告提供了北美收费贸易协定目前和未来的盈利能力，利弊分析。分析了美国失业的起源、目标、趋势、比较优势、生活水平和国家政策等方面的优势，并对美国失业问题、人权和自然等方面的劣势进行了深入分析。其他支持的想法包括详细的信息，该协议给美国、加拿大、墨西哥和广大国家的人民带来的利润，其目的和目标，或投资的回报和损失。所有相关的细节和计算可在附录中找到。这种自由交易的一般收益估计也低于行业平均水平。特别是在市场控制领域的比较表现以及北美自由贸易协定的评价。
This report provides an analysis of the current and prospective profitability, pros and cons of North America Fee Trade Agreement. The analysis also includes the origins, objectives trend, and the advantages as the comparative advantages, standard living and nation policy, together with the disadvantages such as the deep analysis about the job loss in United State and the human right and nature. Other supporting ideas includes the detail information about the profit that this agreement bring to the people in US, Canada, Mexico and the wide countries, its purposes and goals, or the return from the investment as well as the loss. All the related detail and calculation can be found in the appendices. General earning from this free trading also estimated below industry averages. In particular, comparative performances in the areas of the market’s control as well as the evaluations from NAFTA.
The report finds the prospects of this agreement in its current position are evaluating and developing. The major areas of weakness require further investigation and remedial action by governments. Besides that, because NAFTA has many pros, governments also need to adapt and try to reduce the bad effect to countries which already become the one union.
The report also investigates some limitations that NAFTA had through the analysis of advantages and disadvantages. Some of them are the connection between the government and companies, which lead to the fact that many companies have the disadvantages without the supporting by the union if they choose to stand independently. Furthermore, the lack of attention to the right of human due to the rush and overwhelm working hour and their insurances are low and unfair which develops by the maquiladora programs from NAFTA.
II. Introduction.介绍。
Origins.
According to Paulette L. Stenzel (2010), The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) is an agreement signed on January 1, 1994 within the 3 three countries – United States, Canada, and Mexico which become the largest free trade area in the World (GDP). NAFTA’s purposes are reducing the trading costs, increasing the business investment and help North America to achieve a wider position in the global marketplace.
Paulette L. Stenzel(2010)认为北美自由贸易协定(North American Free Trade Agreement, NAFTA)是1994年1月1日由美国、加拿大、墨西哥三国签署的协议，成为世界上最大的自由贸易区(GDP)。北美自由贸易协定的宗旨是降低贸易成本，增加商业投资，帮助北美在全球市场中获得更广阔的地位。
When these three countries signed NAFTA, US and Canada had agreed to sign the United States-Canada Free Trade Agreement (CFTA) and added this agreement into NAFTA. Because of CFTA, there will be a change in place of the agricultural trade before NAFTA. Most of the food in United State and Canada became duty free on January 1, 1998. NAFTA began the implementation on January 1st, 1994 and going to be develop in 15 years.
Objectives.
Some of the objectives from the agreement include the tariffs’eliminate on the trading between Canada, US and Mexico and prepare a standard’s the provision of“national treatment” for other signatory countries’foreign investors. Furthermore, to ensure market’s secure access with the improvement on the settlement mechanism of the dispute, this agreement also help the member countries’companies to have more procurement opportunities to increase the access of the government.
该协议的一些目标包括“取消加拿大、美国和墨西哥之间的贸易关税，并制定一项标准，为其他签约国的外国投资者提供“国民待遇”。此外，为了保证市场的安全准入，随着争端解决机制的完善，该协议也帮助成员国企业获得更多的采购机会，增加政府的准入。
In addition, NAFTA improves the professionals of business people and their cross-border movement within some selected countries to be stronger in protection of intellectual property right.
A vast of new business opportunities had opened up by NAFTA for the three partner countries and other countries that want to enter North American market. Based on this, the investors come from other countries stay at a location in Canada can have the ability to attend the whole area of North American market. Moreover, NAFTA has an entry in force which said that the significant increase’s experienced by the parties a in the goods and services’ trade among them. There also an agreement from the three Customs Administrations about NAFTA Rules of Origin Regulations (the Regulations) and the Rules of Origin of the NAFTA.
In the worsened conditions of the economic in 2008; during the U.S. Presidential campaign, NAFTA became a hot issue again. Senators Hillary Clinton – a democratic candidates and Barack Obama both blamed the loss of American jobs manufacturing to NAFTA and make a suggestion about the renegotiated for this term which will need to include the higher labor cost and the environmental standards.
III. NAFTA pros and cons.北美自由贸易协定的利弊。
Advantages.
It is no doubt to say the most advantages that NAFTA bring to 450 million people in the U.S., Canada and Mexico is the free entrance in trading not only in their own country zone but also in the worldwide market place. With the national policies which support those countries with lower cost in export and import, it is responsible for $1.6 trillion in goods and services annually. It also decreases the inflation by reducing the cost of import to have more view, let’s look into the figure of United States’ economy via the data of GDP rate which increased steadily 5% a year; it is the clear evidence to show the advantages the NAFTA bring to their countries.
毫无疑问，北美自由贸易协定给美国、加拿大和墨西哥的4.5亿人带来的最大好处是，不仅在本国地区，而且在世界市场上都可以自由进入。由于国家政策支持那些出口和进口成本较低的国家，它每年为商品和服务贡献了1.6万亿美元。它还通过降低进口成本来降低通货膨胀，让我们通过GDP增长率的数据来看看美国经济的数字，它每年稳步增长5%;这是清楚的证据显示北美自由贸易协定给他们的国家带来的好处。
Comparative advantages.
According to David Ingram (2009), NAFTA helps international trade to eliminate the tariffs between members’ countries by boasting the natural advantages that they owned. This means that they can low down the cost of production line and provide to the consumers more reasonable price of product because of cheap materials come from their natural resources advantages. U.S is famous for their high quality consumers good with low cost, while the strength of Mexico is agricultural product such as foods and crops. NAFTA eliminates the tariff between two countries so that US can purchase the crops and poultry with cheap price from Mexican, while Mexican can buy the cheap consumer product with high quality from US also. Thanks to NAFTA, agricultural exports to Canada and Mexico grew from 22% of total U.S. farm exports in 1993 to 30% in 2007.
Standard living.标准的生活。
NAFTA’S goal is to reduce tariffs among Mexico, Canada, and the United States over a period of years, making it easier to trade goods across national borders, and increasing economic efficiency in North America. It clearly deserve the strong support of all those who believe in liberty and free markets. Moreover the standard living of people in those countries has risen day by day together with the demand of high quality produce comes from US (Freedman, 2004). NAFTA provides the free market with high demand of product, which will lead to the risen in the number of jobs needs. 25000 jobs are created for any additional billion dollars the US export. Over 150000 new jobs associated with NAFTA were reported during the last 5 years (Shahabbuhin, 2003).
北美自由贸易协定的目标是在一段时间内降低墨西哥、加拿大和美国之间的关税，使跨境货物贸易更容易，并提高北美的经济效率。它显然应该得到所有信奉自由和自由市场的人的大力支持。此外，这些国家的人民的生活水平日益提高，以及来自美国的高质量产品的需求(Freedman, 2004)。北美自由贸易协定为自由市场提供了对产品的高需求，这将导致就业需求的增加。每增加十亿美元的出口，就会创造25000个工作岗位。在过去的5年里，北美自由贸易协定带来了超过15万个新的就业机会(Shahabbuhin, 2003)。
Nation policy.
Free trade innovation will give nation the chance to step closer to each other’s and be more active in coordination. It also helps to reduce the rate of illegal immigration and international smuggling from nation to nation. Moreover, NAFTA protect the intellectual property right of member’s nation with their own policies regulations.
Disadvantages.缺点
Job loss in United State.
Many manufacturers in United State had to move jobs to lower-cost Mexico with lowered wages, manufacturers still competed in industries. NAFTA did not support enough for Mexican labour and environment protection and caused the lost of manufacturers’ 1.3 million farm jobs in Mexico. The organization exported corn and other grains with low-cost so Mexico’s farms reduced output from 33.2% in 1990 below 13.2% in 2001. So many rural Mexico ‘s farmers refused to cooperate with NAFTA because they could not compete with the other as well. Moreover because Mexico’s labour were cheap, many manufacturers in United State chose to move the place they put all of their production line. It leads to the fact that bbetween 1994 and 2010; Mexico totalled $97.2 billion, were displacing 682,900 by U.S. jobs. About 80% manufacturers were in trouble situation such as: California, New York, Michigan and Texas. Besides, the companies did not move to Mexico they selected one of two options: belonging to the union or losing the factory. And they without supporting by the union so they had so many disadvantages to compete with little bargain power.
美国的许多制造商不得不将工作转移到成本更低、工资更低的墨西哥，制造商仍然在行业中竞争。北美自由贸易协定没有为墨西哥的劳工和环境保护提供足够的支持，导致墨西哥制造业失去了130万个农业岗位。该组织以低成本出口玉米和其他谷物，因此墨西哥农场的产量从1990年的33.2%降至2001年的13.2%。因此，许多墨西哥农村农民拒绝与北美自由贸易协定合作，因为他们也无法与其他国家竞争。此外，因为墨西哥的劳动力很便宜，许多美国的制造商选择把他们所有的生产线都搬到那里。它导致在1994年到2010年之间;墨西哥总计972亿美元，有682900个工作岗位被美国取代。大约80%的制造商陷入困境，如:加州、纽约、密歇根州和德克萨斯州。此外，这些公司没有迁往墨西哥，而是在两种选择中做出选择:要么加入工会，要么失去工厂。他们没有得到工会的支持，所以他们在竞争中有很多劣势，几乎没有讨价还价的能力。
Human right and nature.人权与自然
NAFTA opened many maquiladora programs where employees were paid low salary and exploited with more 12 working hours in a day. These workers have “no labor rights or health protections, workdays stretch out 12 hours or more, and if you are a woman, you could be forced to take a pregnancy test when applying for a job,” according to Continental Social Alliance. On the other hand, with manufacturing products influenced on environment directly in Mexico because of using fertilizers and other chemicals. So enviroment took pollution and they spent more 36 billion each year to deal with environmental consequences. NAFTA are many pros so the union should adapt and reduce bad effects to countries which belong to the one.
北美自由贸易协定开设了许多美墨联营项目，员工的工资很低，每天工作时间超过12小时，受到剥削。根据大陆社会联盟(Continental Social Alliance)的说法，这些工人“没有劳动权利或健康保护，每天工作时间长达12小时或更长，如果你是女性，你可能会在求职时被迫接受妊娠测试”。另一方面，由于使用化肥和其他化学品，墨西哥的制造业产品直接影响了环境。所以环境污染，他们每年花费360亿来处理环境后果。北美自由贸易协定有很多好处，所以联盟应该适应并减少对属于该联盟的国家的不良影响。
IV. Conclusion.结论。
From the former paragraph we can see that NAFTA was established for 18 years from 1994. During this period, we can know NAFTA has its own advantages and disadvantages. In 10 years, NAFTA promotes the economy of Mexico, but Mexico still need a long time to catch up with another two countries. And Mexico should catch this chance and invest in education, telecom and innovation, America and Canada should avoid the risks to create the bigger business opportunities. All in all, NATFA should be kept and develop, it will promote the economy in North America.
从前一段我们可以看到，北美自由贸易协定从1994年起成立了18年。在这一时期，我们可以看到北美自由贸易协定有其自身的优势和劣势。在10年的时间里，北美自由贸易协定促进了墨西哥的经济，但是墨西哥还需要很长的时间才能赶上另外两个国家。墨西哥应该抓住这个机会，投资于教育、电信和创新，美国和加拿大应该避免风险，创造更大的商业机会。总之，NATFA应该保持和发展，它将促进北美的经济。
留学生论文相关专业范文素材资料，尽在本网，可以随时查阅参考。本站也提供多国留学生课程作业写作指导服务，如有需要可咨询本平台。